Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
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TEI/XMLDownload an enriched TEI file with explicit URIs bibliography from Zotero API.
SyntaxeSee graphs of the information available. If the manuscript contains relevant information, then you will see visualizations based on La Syntaxe du Codex, by Andrist, Canart and Maniaci.
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ImagesManuscript images in the Mirador viewer via IIIF

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 32

Dorothea Reule

This manuscript description is based on the catalogues listed in the catalogue bibliography

Work in Progress
https://betamasaheft.eu/BNFet32
Bibliothèque nationale de France[view repository]

Collection: Manuscrits orientaux, Fonds éthiopien

Other identifiers: Éth. 22, Saint-Germain 18

chapter ms_i4.1.2https://betamasaheft.eu/BNFet32.ms_i4.1.2
chapter ms_i4.1.2https://betamasaheft.eu/BNFet32.ms_i4.1.2
chapter ms_i4.3.2https://betamasaheft.eu/BNFet32.ms_i4.3.2
chapter ms_i4.4.2https://betamasaheft.eu/BNFet32.ms_i4.4.2
chapter 1https://betamasaheft.eu/BNFet32.1
chapter 1https://betamasaheft.eu/BNFet32.1
chapter 1https://betamasaheft.eu/BNFet32.1
chapter 1https://betamasaheft.eu/BNFet32.1
chapter 1https://betamasaheft.eu/BNFet32.1
chapter 1https://betamasaheft.eu/BNFet32.1
chapter 1https://betamasaheft.eu/BNFet32.1
chapter 2https://betamasaheft.eu/BNFet32.2
chapter 2https://betamasaheft.eu/BNFet32.2
chapter 2https://betamasaheft.eu/BNFet32.2
chapter 2https://betamasaheft.eu/BNFet32.2
chapter 2https://betamasaheft.eu/BNFet32.2
chapter 2https://betamasaheft.eu/BNFet32.2
chapter 2https://betamasaheft.eu/BNFet32.2
chapter 2https://betamasaheft.eu/BNFet32.2
chapter 2https://betamasaheft.eu/BNFet32.2
chapter 2https://betamasaheft.eu/BNFet32.2
chapter 2https://betamasaheft.eu/BNFet32.2
chapter 2https://betamasaheft.eu/BNFet32.2
  • Citation URI: https://betamasaheft.eu/BNFet32
  • Collection API: https://betamasaheft.eu/api/dts/collections?id=https://betamasaheft.eu/BNFet32
  • Navigation API: https://betamasaheft.eu/api/dts/navigation?id=https://betamasaheft.eu/BNFet32
  • Document API: https://betamasaheft.eu/api/dts/document?id=https://betamasaheft.eu/BNFet32

Alignment Start a translation alignment with Alpheios Alignment. You can also add morphological annotations there. See instructions in GitHub.
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ወከመዝ፡ ውእቱ፡ ልደቱ፡ ለኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ተፍሕረት፡ እሙ፡ ማርያ፡ ለዮሴፍ፡ ወዘእንበለ፡ ይትቃረብ፡ ተረክበት፡ እንዘባ፡ ውስተ፡ ማኅፀና፡ እምንፈስቅዱስ፡ ወእስመ፡ ጻድቅ፡ ውእቱ፡ ዮሴፍ፡ ብእሲሃ፡ this word has been effaced ለማርያ፡ ኢፈቀደ፡ ያስተዋድያ፡ አብደረ፡ ይኅድጋ፡ ጽምሚተ። ዘንተ፡ እንከ፡ እንየ፡ ይኄሊ፡ ናሁ፡ አስተርእዮ፡ መልአከ፡ እግዚኣብሔር፡ ለዮሴፍ፡ በሕልም፡ ወይቤሎ፡ ዮሴፍ፡ ወልደ፡ ዳዊት፡ ኢርፍራህ፡ ነሢኦታ፡ ለማርያ፡ ፍኅርትከ፡ እስመ፡ ዘይትወለድ፡ እምላዕሌሃ፡ እመንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ውእቱ። ወትወልድ፡ ወልድ፡ ወትሰምዮ፡ ስሞ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ እስመ፡ ውእቱ፡ ያድኅኖሙ፡ ለሕዝብ፡ እምኀጢአቶሙ። ወዝንቱ፡ ኵሉ፡ ኮነ፡ ከመ፡ ይትፈጸም፡ ቃለ፡ እግዚኣብሔር፡ ዘይቤ፡ በነቢይ፤ ናሁ፡ ድንግል፡ ትፀንስ፡ ወትወልድ፡ ወልደ፡ ወይሠምይዎ፡ ስሞ፡ ዓማኑኤል፡ ዘበትርጓሜሁ፡ ይብል፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ምስሌነ። ወነቂሆ፡ ዮሴፍ፡ እምንዋም፡ ገብረ፡ በከመ፡ አዘዞ፡ መልአለ፡ እግዚኣብሔር፡ ወነሥኣ፡ ለማርያ፡ ፍኅርቱ፡ this word has later been substituted for another ወኢያእመራ፡ እስከ፡ ወለደት፡ ወልደ፡ ዘበኵራ፡ ወሰመይዎ፡ ሥሞ፡ ኢየሱስ።
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ወአምጽኡ፡ ኀቤሁ፡ ሕፃናተ፡ ከመ፡ ይግሥሶሙ፡ ወይጸሊ፡ ዲቤሆሙ፡ ወገሠጾዎሙ፡ አርዳኢሁ። ወይቤሎሙ፡ ኅድጉ፡ ሕፃናተ፡ ይምጽኡ፡ ኀቤየ፡ ወኢትክልእዎሙ፡ እስመ፡ ለዘከመ፡ እሉ፡ ይእቲ፡ መንግሥተ፡ ሰማያት። ወገሰሶሙ፡ ወሖረ፡ እምህየ፡ ወመጽአ፡ አሐዱ፡ ወይቤሎ፡ ሊቅ፡ ሔር፡ ምንተ፡ ገቢርየ፡ እወርስ፡ ሕይወተ፡ ዘለዓለም። ወይቤሎ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ምንተ፡ ትብለኒ፡ ኄር፡ አልቦ፡ ኄር፡ ኀር፡ (!) sic by Hermann Zotenberg(!)corrected by Dorothea Reule ዘእንበለ፡ አሐዱ፡ እግዚኣብሔር፡ ወእመሰ፡ ትፈቅድ፡ ትባእ፡ ውስተ፡ ሕይወት፡ ዕቀብ፡ ትእዛዞ። ወይቤሎ፡ ኣይኑ፡ ወይቤሎ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ኢትቅትል፡ ነፍሰ፡ ወኢትሖር፡ ብእሲተ፡ ብእሲ፡ ወኢትስርቅ፡ ወኢትኵን፡ ስምዐ፡ በኀሰት፡ ወአክብር፡ አቡከ፡ ወእምከ፡ ወአፍቅር፡ ቢጽከ፡ ከመ፡ ነፍስከ። ወይቤሎ፡ ውእቱ፡ ወሬዛ፡ ዘንተሰ፡ ኵሎ፡ ዐቀብኩ፡ እምንእስየ፡ ምንተ፡ ተረፈኒ። ወይቤሎ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ እመሰ፡ ትፈቅድ፡ ፍጹመ፡ ትኩን፡ ሖር፡ ሤጥ፡ ንዋየከ፡ ወሃብ፡ ምጽዋተ፡ ለነዳይ፡ ወታጠሪ፡ ለከ፡ መዝገበ፡ ዘሰማያት፡ ወነዐ፡ ትልወኒ። ወሰሚዖ፡ ውእቱ፡ ወሬዛ፡ ዘንተ፡ ነገረ፡ ሖረ፡ ትኩዙ፡ እስመ፡ ባዕል፡ ውእቱ፡ ወብዙኅ፡ ጥሬቱ። ወይቤሎሙ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ለአርዳኢሁ፡ አማን፡ እብለክሙ፡ እምዕፁብ፡ ይበውእ፡ ባዕል፡ መንግሥተ፡ ሰማያት። እንለክሙ፡ ይቀልል፡ ይኅልፍ፡ ገመል፡ እንተ፡ ስቍረተ፡ መርፍእ፡ እምነ፡ ባዕል፡ ይባእ፡ መንግሥተ፡ ሰማያት።
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እስመ፡ ብዙኃን፡ እለ፡ አኀዙ፡ ወጠኑ፡ ይግበሩ፡ ወይምህሩ፡ በእንተ፡ ግብር፡ ዘአምኑ፡ በላዕሌነ፡ >በከመ፡ መሀሩነ፡ እለ፡ ቀደሙነ፡ ርእዮቶ፡ ወተልእክዎ፡ በቃሉ። ወረትዐኒ፡ ሊተኒ፡ እትልዎ፡ እምጥንቱ፡ ወእጠይቆ፡ ለኵሉ፡ በበ፡ መትልው። እጽኅፍ፡ ለከ፡ ዐዚዝ፡ ቴዎፍሊ፡ ለኣኃዜ፡ ከመ፡ ታእምር፡ ጥዩቀ፡ በእንተ፡ ኵሉ፡ ኀይለ፡ ነገር፡ ትምህርተ፡ ዘተመሀርከ።
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ወአምጽኡ፡ ኃቤሁ (!) sic by Hermann Zotenberg፡ ጸሐፍት፡ ወፈረሳዊያን፡ ብእሲት፡ እስርት፡ እንተ፡ ተረክበት፡ በዝሙት። ወኣብእዋ፡ ውስጠ፡ ወኣቀምዋ፡ ቅድመ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ወይቤልዎ፡ ኦመምህር፡ ረከብናሃ፡ ለዛቲ፡ ብእሲት፡ በዝሙት፡ ወበሕግነ፡ ሠርዐ፡ ሙሴ፡ ከመ፡ ትትወገር፡ ወአንተ፡ እንከ፡ ምንተ፡ ትኤዝዝ፡ ናሁ፡ ተረክበት፡ በዝሙት። ወዘንተ፡ ነገር፡ ተስአልዎ፡ እንዘ፡ ያሜክርዎ፡ ከመ፡ ይርከብ፡ ምክንያተ፡ በላዕሊሃ። ወኢየሱስ፡ አትሐተ፡ ለትሕተ፡ ኣዕይንቲሁ፡ ለምድር፡ እንዘ፡ ይጽሕፍ፡ በአጻብዒሁ፡ ወሶቤ፡ ቆሙ፡ ብዙኃን፡ ተስእልዎ፡ ካዕበ፡ ወአንሥአ፡ ኣዕይንቲሁ፡ ኀቤሆሙ፡ ወነጸረ። ወይቤሎሙ፡ ዘአልቦ፡ ኀጢአተ፡ እምውስቴትክሙ፡ ለይገራ፡ ቀዲሙ። ወዳግመ፡ ካዕበ፡ ደነነ፡ እንዘ፡ ይጽሕፍ፡ በአጻብዒሁ።
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እንዘቦ፡ ውስተ፡ ማኅፀና፡
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ብእሲሃ፡
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ያድኅኖሙ፡ ለሕዝቡ፡
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ቃለ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ዘይቤ፡
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ወይሰምይዎ፡ ስሞ፡
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ወነቂሆ፡ ዮሴፍ፡
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ወሰመይዎ፡ ሥሞ፡
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ሰብአ፡ ሰገል፡ እምብሔረ፡ ጽባሕ፡
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ደንገፀ፡ ወተሀውከ፡
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ለግሙራ፡ ኢትዴሐሪ፡ እምነገሥተ፡ ይሁዳ፡
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ንጉሥ፡
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ጸውዖሙ፡ ሄሮድስ፡ ለሰብአ፡ ሰገል፡ እንተ፡ ባሕቲቶሙ፡
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ዕለቶ፡ በዘአስተርአዮሙ፡
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ወተአዚዞሙ፡ በኀቤ፡ ንጉሥ፡
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ወናሁ፡ ውእቱ፡ ኮከብ፡ ዘአስተርአዮሙ፡ በምሥራቅ፡ መርሖሙ፡ እስኬ፡ ሶቤ፡ አብጽሖሙ፡
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ተፈሥሑ፡ ዐቢየ፡ ትፍሥሕተ፡ ጥቀ፡
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ወለማርያ፡
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ወአምጽኡ፡
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ወአስተርአዮሙ፡ በሕልም፡

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Dorothea Reule

Text Bibliography

  • Cerulli, E. 1947. Etiopi in Palestina: Storia della comunità etiopica di Gerusalemme, II, Collezione scientifica e documentaria a cura dell’Ufficio studi del Ministero dell’Africa Italiana, 14 (Roma: La Libreria dello Stato, 1947). page 382–383

Translation Bibliography

  • Cerulli, E. 1947. Etiopi in Palestina: Storia della comunità etiopica di Gerusalemme, II, Collezione scientifica e documentaria a cura dell’Ufficio studi del Ministero dell’Africa Italiana, 14 (Roma: La Libreria dello Stato, 1947). page 383

Text Bibliography

  • Cerulli, E. 1947. Etiopi in Palestina: Storia della comunità etiopica di Gerusalemme, II, Collezione scientifica e documentaria a cura dell’Ufficio studi del Ministero dell’Africa Italiana, 14 (Roma: La Libreria dello Stato, 1947). page 383

Translation Bibliography

  • Cerulli, E. 1947. Etiopi in Palestina: Storia della comunità etiopica di Gerusalemme, II, Collezione scientifica e documentaria a cura dell’Ufficio studi del Ministero dell’Africa Italiana, 14 (Roma: La Libreria dello Stato, 1947). page 383–384

Text Bibliography

  • Cerulli, E. 1947. Etiopi in Palestina: Storia della comunità etiopica di Gerusalemme, II, Collezione scientifica e documentaria a cura dell’Ufficio studi del Ministero dell’Africa Italiana, 14 (Roma: La Libreria dello Stato, 1947). page 384

Translation Bibliography

  • Cerulli, E. 1947. Etiopi in Palestina: Storia della comunità etiopica di Gerusalemme, II, Collezione scientifica e documentaria a cura dell’Ufficio studi del Ministero dell’Africa Italiana, 14 (Roma: La Libreria dello Stato, 1947). page 384

Text Bibliography

  • Cerulli, E. 1947. Etiopi in Palestina: Storia della comunità etiopica di Gerusalemme, II, Collezione scientifica e documentaria a cura dell’Ufficio studi del Ministero dell’Africa Italiana, 14 (Roma: La Libreria dello Stato, 1947). page 384–385

Translation Bibliography

  • Cerulli, E. 1947. Etiopi in Palestina: Storia della comunità etiopica di Gerusalemme, II, Collezione scientifica e documentaria a cura dell’Ufficio studi del Ministero dell’Africa Italiana, 14 (Roma: La Libreria dello Stato, 1947). page 385

Text Bibliography

  • Cerulli, E. 1947. Etiopi in Palestina: Storia della comunità etiopica di Gerusalemme, II, Collezione scientifica e documentaria a cura dell’Ufficio studi del Ministero dell’Africa Italiana, 14 (Roma: La Libreria dello Stato, 1947). page 385–386

Translation Bibliography

  • Cerulli, E. 1947. Etiopi in Palestina: Storia della comunità etiopica di Gerusalemme, II, Collezione scientifica e documentaria a cura dell’Ufficio studi del Ministero dell’Africa Italiana, 14 (Roma: La Libreria dello Stato, 1947). page 386

Catalogue Bibliography

  • Zotenberg, H. 1877. Catalogue des manuscrits éthiopiens (gheez et amharique) de la Bibliothèque nationale, Manuscrits Orientaux (Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1877). page 24b–29a

Secondary Bibliography

  • Silvestre, J. B. 1850. Universal Paleography, 1st (London: 1850). page 72–73

  • Platt, T. P. 1823. A catalogue of the Ethiopic Biblical manuscripts in the Royal Library of Paris, and in the library of the British and Foreign Bible Society : also some account of those in the Vatican Library at Rome (London: Printed by R. Watts, 1823). page 11–12

  • Leroy, J. 1962. ‘Recherches sur la tradition iconographique des canons d’Eusèbe en Éthiopie’, Cahiers  Archéologiques, 12 (1962), 173–204. page 176–179

  • Zuurmond, R. 1989. Novum Testamentum Aethiopice: The Synoptic Gospels, I: General Introduction; II: Edition of the Gospel of Mark, Äthiopistische Forschungen, 27 (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 1989). part II, page 61-62

Dorothea Reule
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Use the tag BetMas:BNFet32 in your public hypothes.is annotations which refer to this entity.

Suggested Citation of this record

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Dorothea Reule, Alessandro Bausi, Jacopo Gnisci, ʻParis, Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Éthiopien 32ʼ, in Alessandro Bausi, ed., Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft (Last Modified: 2017-11-22) https://betamasaheft.eu/manuscripts/BNFet32 [Accessed: 2024-05-21]

Revisions of the data

  • Jacopo Gnisci Created DecoNote on 22.11.2017
  • Dorothea Reule Changes on 26.10.2016
  • Dorothea Reule Small changes on 2.9.2016
  • Dorothea Reule ID changed on 31.8.2016
  • Dorothea Reule small changes on 29.8.2016
  • Dorothea Reule Minor change on 21.7.2016
  • Dorothea Reule Correction on 20.7.2016
  • Dorothea Reule Title of LIT3132Synops added on 12.7.2016
  • Dorothea Reule Titles of Gospels clarified on 11.7.2016
  • Dorothea Reule Changes on 7.7.2016
  • Dorothea Reule Changes on 5.7.2016
  • Dorothea Reule Created catalogue entry on 30.6.2016

Attributions of the contents

Alessandro Bausi, general editor

Dorothea Reule, editor

Jacopo Gnisci, contributor

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