Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
Help

You are looking at work in progress version of this website. For questions contact the dev team.

Hover on words to see search options.

Double-click to see morphological parsing.

Click on left pointing hands and arrows to load related items and click once more to view the result in a popup.

Do you want to notify us of an error, please do so by writing an issue in our GitHub repository (click the envelope for a precomiled one).
On small screens, will show a navigation bar on the leftOpen Item Navigation
Edit Not sure how to do this? Have a look at the Beta maṣāḥǝft Guidelines!
Hide pointersClick here to hide or show again the little arrows and small left pointing hands in this page.
Hide relatedClick here to hide or show again the right side of the content area, where related items and keywords are shown.
EntryMain Entry
TEI/XMLDownload an enriched TEI file with explicit URIs bibliography from Zotero API.
SyntaxeSee graphs of the information available. If the manuscript contains relevant information, then you will see visualizations based on La Syntaxe du Codex, by Andrist, Canart and Maniaci.
RelationsFurther visualization of relational information
TranscriptionTranscription (as available). Do you have a transcription you want to contribute? Contact us or click on EDIT and submit your contribution.
ImagesManuscript images in the Mirador viewer via IIIF

Gāntā ʾAfašum, Danderā Dabra Mǝḥrat Mikāʾel, DDM-003

Veronika Roth (cataloguer), Denis Nosnitsin

This manuscript description is based on the catalogues listed in the catalogue bibliography

Work in Progress
https://betamasaheft.eu/ESddm003
Danderā Dabra Mǝḥrat Mikāʾel[view repository]

Collection: Ethio-SPaRe

General description

Sǝnkǝssar “Synaxarion” (the second half of the year)

Number of Text units: 2

Number of Codicological units: 1

For a table of all relations from and to this record, please go to the Relations view. In the Relations boxes on the right of this page, you can also find all available relations grouped by name.

Origin

Original Location: Dändera Dabra Mǝḥrat Mikāʾel / DDM

19th cent. (?)

Summary

I) Sǝnkǝssar “Synaxarion” the second half of the year (fols. 3ra-173vc) I-1) Maggābit (fols. 3ra-29vc) I-2) Miyāzyā (fols. 30ra-50rc) I-3) Gǝnbot (fols. 50va-77vc) I-4) Sane (fols. 78ra-104rc) I-5) Ḥamle (fols. 104ra-135vc) I-6) Naḥāse (fols. 136ra-165rc) I-7) Ṗagʷǝmen (fols. 165va-171vb) I-8) Ṗagʷǝmen, incomplete (fols. 172ra-173vc) The commemorative notices are followed by ʿarke-hymns Additio 1.
  1. ms_i1 (),
  2. ms_i2 (),

Contents


Incipit ( ):

Explicit ( ):


check the viewer174 and 175 are unruled.

Additions In this unit there are in total 1 .

  1. check the viewerf. 171vc

    : Ownership note.

    check the viewer171vc : ዝመጽሐፈ፡ ስንክሳር፡ ዘቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡ ደንዴራ፡ አውፅዕ፡ ፀሮ፡ ዘሰረቆ፡ ወዘፈሐቆ፡ ወዘነስአ፡ በሀይል፡ በስልጣነ፡ ጴጥሮስ፡ ወጳውሎስ፡ ውጉዘ፡ ለይኩን። Written in a crude hand in red ink. The note states that the book belongs to the church of Qǝddus Mikāʾel Dändera.

Extras

  1. check the viewer1ra check the viewer172ra-173vc check the viewer34ra check the viewer35ra check the viewer26va check the viewer3rc check the viewer2r

    - : Excerpt from the main text (writing exercise?). This leaf serves as an endleaf. - contain an incomplete final part of the Sǝnkǝssar for the month Ṗagʷǝmen. - Erasures: , 46vc. - Corrections written over erasures: e.g., , 45vb, 50rc, 65vc. - Omitted letters or words inserted interlineally: e.g., , 34rb, 35vbc, 36va. - Spaces for rubricated names of the donors left unfilled): e.g., , 4vc, 6vc, 7rac. - Scribbles and doodles: .
  2. (Type: findingAid)

    - Daily readings are indicated by the names of the feasts, crudely written in a recent hand: fols. 39r, 75v, 79r, 86r, 152v.

Catalogue Bibliography

This manuscript has no restorations.

Physical Description

Form of support

Parchment Codex

Extent

Made of 175.0 (leaf) , Entered as 175.0 folios, of which (leaf, blank) .Entered as blank 1v, 2r, 2v, 174r, 174v, 175r, 175v, in 22.0 (quire) .Entered as 22.0 quires (A+21). 360 275 90
Outer dimensions
Height 360
Width 275
Depth 90

Foliation

Quire Structure Collation

Signatures: Decorated - Simply decorated quire marks are written four times in the upper margin of 3r, 13r, 21r, 30r, 38r, 46r, 54r, 62r, 70r, 78r, 86r, 94r, 102r, 110r, 118r, 126r, 134r, 150r, 158r, 166r.

Position Number Leaves Quires Description
1 2 Fols 1r–2v A(2; s.l.: 1, stub after 2; 2, stub after 1/fols. 1r-2v)
2 10 Fols. 10, Fols 3r–12v ፩I(10/fols. 3r-12v)
3 8 Fols 13r–20v ፪II(8/fols. 13r-20v)
4 9 Fols 21r–29v ፫III(9; s.l.: 6, stub after 3/fols. 21r-29v)
5 8 Fols 30r–37v ፬IV(8/fols. 30r-37v)
6 8 Fols 38r–45v ፭V(8/fols. 38r-45v)
7 8 Fols 46r–53v ፮VI(8/fols. 46r-53v)
8 8 Fols 54r–61v ፯VII(8; s.l.: 3, stub after 6; 6, stub after 3/fols. 54r-61v)
9 8 Fols 62r–69v ፰VIII(8/fols. 62r-69v)
10 8 Fols 70r–77v ፱IX(8; s.l.: 3, stub after 6; 6, stub after 3/fols. 70r-77v)
11 8 Fols 78r–85v ፲X(8/fols. 78r-85v)
12 8 Fols 86r–93v ፲፩XI(8/fols. 86r-93v)
13 8 Fols 94r–101v ፲፪XII(8; s.l.: 3, stub after 5; 6, stub after 2/fols. 94r-101v)
14 8 Fols 102r–109v ፲፫XIII(8/fols. 102r-109v)
15 8 Fols 110r–117v ፲፬XIV(8/fols. 110r-117v)
16 8 Fols 118r–125v ፲፭XV(8/fols. 118r-125v)
17 8 Fols 126r–133v ፲፮XVI(8; s.l.: 3, stub after 6; 6, stub after 3/fols. 126r-133v)
18 8 Fols 134r–141v ፲፯XVII(8/fols. 134r-141v)
19 8 Fols 142r–149v XVIII(8/fols. 142r-149v)
20 8 Fols 150r–157v ፲፱XIX(8/fols. 150r-157v)
21 8 Fols 158r–165v ፳XX(8/fols. 158r-165v)
22 10 Fols. 10, Fols 166r–175v ፳፩XXI(10/fols. 166r-175v).

Collation diagrams


A(2; s.l.: 1, stub after 2; 2, stub after 1/fols. 1r-2v)
Quire ID:q1
Collation diagram Quire 1 1 Unit #1 Unit #2

፩I(10/fols. 3r-12v)
Quire ID:q2
Collation diagram Quire 2 3 12 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

፪II(8/fols. 13r-20v)
Quire ID:q3
Collation diagram Quire 3 13 20 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፫III(9; s.l.: 6, stub after 3/fols. 21r-29v)
Quire ID:q4
Collation diagram Quire 4 21 29 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

፬IV(8/fols. 30r-37v)
Quire ID:q5
Collation diagram Quire 5 30 37 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፭V(8/fols. 38r-45v)
Quire ID:q6
Collation diagram Quire 6 38 45 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፮VI(8/fols. 46r-53v)
Quire ID:q7
Collation diagram Quire 7 46 53 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፯VII(8; s.l.: 3, stub after 6; 6, stub after 3/fols. 54r-61v)
Quire ID:q8
Collation diagram Quire 8 54 61 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

፰VIII(8/fols. 62r-69v)
Quire ID:q9
Collation diagram Quire 9 62 69 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፱IX(8; s.l.: 3, stub after 6; 6, stub after 3/fols. 70r-77v)
Quire ID:q10
Collation diagram Quire 10 70 77 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

፲X(8/fols. 78r-85v)
Quire ID:q11
Collation diagram Quire 11 78 85 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፲፩XI(8/fols. 86r-93v)
Quire ID:q12
Collation diagram Quire 12 86 93 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፲፪XII(8; s.l.: 3, stub after 5; 6, stub after 2/fols. 94r-101v)
Quire ID:q13
Collation diagram Quire 13 94 101 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

፲፫XIII(8/fols. 102r-109v)
Quire ID:q14
Collation diagram Quire 14 102 109 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፲፬XIV(8/fols. 110r-117v)
Quire ID:q15
Collation diagram Quire 15 110 117 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፲፭XV(8/fols. 118r-125v)
Quire ID:q16
Collation diagram Quire 16 118 125 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፲፮XVI(8; s.l.: 3, stub after 6; 6, stub after 3/fols. 126r-133v)
Quire ID:q17
Collation diagram Quire 17 126 133 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

፲፯XVII(8/fols. 134r-141v)
Quire ID:q18
Collation diagram Quire 18 134 141 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

XVIII(8/fols. 142r-149v)
Quire ID:q19
Collation diagram Quire 19 142 149 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፲፱XIX(8/fols. 150r-157v)
Quire ID:q20
Collation diagram Quire 20 150 157 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፳XX(8/fols. 158r-165v)
Quire ID:q21
Collation diagram Quire 21 158 165 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፳፩XXI(10/fols. 166r-175v).
Quire ID:q22
Collation diagram Quire 22 166 175 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

Ethio-SPaRe formula : I(0+2/s.l. 1, stub after 2; s.l. 2, stub after /Fols 1r–2v) – II(10/Fols. 10, Fols 3r–12v) – III(8/Fols 13r–20v) – IV(8+1/s.l. 6, stub after 3/Fols 21r–29v) – V(8/Fols 30r–37v) – VI(8/Fols 38r–45v) – VII(8/Fols 46r–53v) – VIII(6+2/s.l. 3, stub after 6; s.l. 6, stub after 3/Fols 54r–61v) – IX(8/Fols 62r–69v) – X(6+2/s.l. 3, stub after 6; s.l. 6, stub after 3/Fols 70r–77v) – XI(8/Fols 78r–85v) – XII(8/Fols 86r–93v) – XIII(6+2/s.l. 3, stub after 5/Fols 94r–101v) – XIV(8/Fols 102r–109v) – XV(8/Fols 110r–117v) – XVI(8/Fols 118r–125v) – XVII(6+2/s.l. 3, stub after 6/Fols 126r–133v) – XVIII(8/Fols 134r–141v) – XIX(8/Fols 142r–149v) – XX(8/Fols 150r–157v) – XXI(8/Fols 158r–165v) – XXII(10/Fols. 10, Fols 166r–175v) –

Formula: Fols 1r–2v A(2; s.l.: 1, stub after 2; 2, stub after 1/fols. 1r-2v) ; Fols. 10, Fols 3r–12v ፩I(10/fols. 3r-12v) ; Fols 13r–20v ፪II(8/fols. 13r-20v) ; Fols 21r–29v ፫III(9; s.l.: 6, stub after 3/fols. 21r-29v) ; Fols 30r–37v ፬IV(8/fols. 30r-37v) ; Fols 38r–45v ፭V(8/fols. 38r-45v) ; Fols 46r–53v ፮VI(8/fols. 46r-53v) ; Fols 54r–61v ፯VII(8; s.l.: 3, stub after 6; 6, stub after 3/fols. 54r-61v) ; Fols 62r–69v ፰VIII(8/fols. 62r-69v) ; Fols 70r–77v ፱IX(8; s.l.: 3, stub after 6; 6, stub after 3/fols. 70r-77v) ; Fols 78r–85v ፲X(8/fols. 78r-85v) ; Fols 86r–93v ፲፩XI(8/fols. 86r-93v) ; Fols 94r–101v ፲፪XII(8; s.l.: 3, stub after 5; 6, stub after 2/fols. 94r-101v) ; Fols 102r–109v ፲፫XIII(8/fols. 102r-109v) ; Fols 110r–117v ፲፬XIV(8/fols. 110r-117v) ; Fols 118r–125v ፲፭XV(8/fols. 118r-125v) ; Fols 126r–133v ፲፮XVI(8; s.l.: 3, stub after 6; 6, stub after 3/fols. 126r-133v) ; Fols 134r–141v ፲፯XVII(8/fols. 134r-141v) ; Fols 142r–149v XVIII(8/fols. 142r-149v) ; Fols 150r–157v ፲፱XIX(8/fols. 150r-157v) ; Fols 158r–165v ፳XX(8/fols. 158r-165v) ; Fols. 10, Fols 166r–175v ፳፩XXI(10/fols. 166r-175v).;

Formula 1: 1 (), 2 (10), 3 (8), 4 (9), 5 (8), 6 (8), 7 (8), 8 (8), 9 (8), 10 (8), 11 (8), 12 (8), 13 (8), 14 (8), 15 (8), 16 (8), 17 (8), 18 (8), 19 (8), 20 (8), 21 (8), 22 (10),

Formula 2: 1 (), 2 (10), 3 (8), 4 (9), 5 (8), 6 (8), 7 (8), 8 (8), 9 (8), 10 (8), 11 (8), 12 (8), 13 (8), 14 (8), 15 (8), 16 (8), 17 (8), 18 (8), 19 (8), 20 (8), 21 (8), 22 (10),

State of preservation

good

Condition

Several fols. are stained with dirt and affected by humidity. The text is partly illegible on some fols: e.g., check the viewer3va , 4rc, 24rc, 24va, 28v, 29r, 51rbc. Holes or tears amended e.g., on fols. 1, 12, 18, 19, 22, 25, 52, 171.

Binding

Two wooden boards covered with reddish-brown tooled leather; textile inlays. Two pairs of sewing stations.

Binding decoration

Two pairs of chains of endband stitches at the spine cover. The green endband stitches at the head of the codex are probably more recent.

Binding material

leather

textile

wood

Layout

Layout note 1

Number of columns: 3

Number of lines: 38

H 270mm
W 235mm
Intercolumn mm
Margins
top 35
bottom 65
right 40
left 12
intercolumn
All data for check the viewer8r .

Ms Gāntā ʾAfašum, Danderā Dabra Mǝḥrat Mikāʾel, DDM-003 main part

has a sum of layout height of 370mm which is greater than the object height of 360mm has a sum of layout width of 287mm which is greater than the object height of 275mm

Layout note 1

Ruling
  • (Subtype: pattern) Ruling pattern: 1A-1A-1A1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/C.
  • The upper line is written above the ruling.
  • The bottom line is written above the ruling.
Pricking
  • Pricking and ruling are visible.
  • Primary pricks are visible.
  • Ruling pricks are visible.

Palaeography

  • Hand 1

    Script: Ethiopic

    Poor; irregular

    Ink: Black, red

    Rubrication: Nomina sacra; the names of the donors; a few lines on the incipit page of Texts I-1 - I-8, alternating with black lines; incipit of subsections; the word salām or its abbreviation; elements of Ethiopic numerals; elements of the punctuation signs and text dividers.

    Date: 19th century (?)

    19th century (?)

    Abbreviations

  • ሰላ፡(- - -) for ሰላም፡ (e.g., check the viewer14vb , 15ra, 19vbc)
  • Hand 2

    Script: Ethiopic

    The quality of handwriting varies throughout the Ms. Perhaps different hands were involved in the copying process.

  • Keywords

    Publication Statement

    authority
    Hiob-Ludolf-Zentrum für Äthiopistik
    pubPlace
    Hamburg
    publisher
    Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft
    availability

    This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.

    date
    2016-06-07T17:38:26.678+02:00
    date
    type=expanded
    2022-01-05T13:36:28.446+01:00
    date
    type=lastModified
    10.5.2016
    idno
    type=collection
    manuscripts
    idno
    type=url
    https://betamasaheft.eu/manuscripts/ESddm003
    idno
    type=URI
    https://betamasaheft.eu/ESddm003
    idno
    type=filename
    ESddm003.xml
    idno
    type=ID
    ESddm003

    Encoding Description

    Encoded according to TEI P5 Guidelines.

    Encoded according to the Beta maṣāḥǝft Guidelines. These Guidelines detail the TEI format ruled by the Beta maṣāḥǝft Schema. The present TEI file is enriched with an Xquery transformation taking advantage of the exist-db database instance where the data is stored and of the many external resources to which this data points to.

    Definitions of prefixes used.

    Select one of the keywords listed from the record to see related data

    No keyword selected.
    This page contains RDFa. RDF+XML graph of this resource. Alternate representations available via VoID.
    Hypothes.is public annotations pointing here

    Use the tag BetMas:ESddm003 in your public hypothes.is annotations which refer to this entity.

    Suggested Citation of this record

    To cite a precise version, please, click on load permalinks and to the desired version (see documentation on permalinks), then import the metadata or copy the below, with the correct link.

    Veronika Roth, Denis Nosnitsin, Alessandro Bausi, Pietro Maria Liuzzo, ʻGāntā ʾAfašum, Danderā Dabra Mǝḥrat Mikāʾel, DDM-003ʼ, in Alessandro Bausi, ed., Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft (Last Modified: 10.5.2016) https://betamasaheft.eu/manuscripts/ESddm003 [Accessed: 2024-04-26+02:00]

    Revisions of the data

    • Pietro Maria Liuzzo Pietro Maria Liuzzo: transformed from mycore to TEI P5 on 10.5.2016
    • Veronika Roth Veronika Roth: last edited in Ethio-SPaRe on 13.4.2015
    • Veronika Roth Veronika Roth: catalogued in Ethio-SPaRe on 17.3.2015
    • Denis Nosnitsin: Ethio-SPaRe team photographed the manuscript on 16.5.2011

    Attributions of the contents

    Pietro Maria Liuzzo, contributor

    This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.