Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
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Gadla Ḥannā

Work in Progress
https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT1460Gadlah
CAe 1460Clavis Aethiopica, an ongoing repertory of all known Ethiopic Textual Units. Use this to refer univocally to a specific text in your publications. Please note that this shares only the numeric part with the Textual Unit Record Identifier.
Clavis (list of identifiable texts) ID
BHOBibliotheca Hagiographica Orientalis 60 [check the Clavis Clavium]
unit tei:t:note[1]https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT1460Gadlah.tei:t:note[1]
1https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT1460Gadlah.1
2https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT1460Gadlah.2
3https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT1460Gadlah.3
4https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT1460Gadlah.4
5https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT1460Gadlah.5
6https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT1460Gadlah.6
7https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT1460Gadlah.7
8https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT1460Gadlah.8
  • Citation URI: https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT1460Gadlah
  • Collection API: https://betamasaheft.eu/api/dts/collections?id=https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT1460Gadlah
  • Navigation API: https://betamasaheft.eu/api/dts/navigation?id=https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT1460Gadlah
  • Document API: https://betamasaheft.eu/api/dts/document?id=https://betamasaheft.eu/LIT1460Gadlah

(The text edition follows Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodleian Aeth. e. 38.)
Prologuechapter : 1
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Prologue
incipit
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በስመ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አብ፡ ገባሬ፡ ሰማያት፡ ወምድር፡ ህላዌሁ፡ ዘኢይትአመር፡ እምልበ፡ መዋቲ፡ ስውር፡ ወዘኢይትከሀል፡ ይበልዎ፡ እምዝ፡ ለዝ፡ ውስተ፡ ዝ፡ ብጥንተ፡ ነገር። ዳዕሙ፡ ውእቱ፡ ህላዌሁ፡ የአምር።
explicit
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ሊተኒ፡ ያፈትወኒ፡ ከመ፡ እንግር፡ ዕበያ፡ ለይእቲ፡ ገነት፡ ወምድር። ምድርሂ፡ በእንተ፡ ሐና፡ ወገነትሂ፡ በእንተ፡ እግዝእትነ፡ ማርያም፡ ወፍሬሃኒ፡ በእንተ፡ ወልዳ፡ እግዚእነ፡ ወመድኃኒነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ሎቱ፡ ስብሐት፡
Reading for Mondaychapter : 2
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Reading for Monday
incipit
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እዌጥን፡ በረድኤተ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ወጸጋሁ፡ ዘተውህበ፡ ለለ፩፩፡ ለለኵሉ፡ በበመሥፈርተ፡ ሀብቱ፡ ለክርስቶስ፡ ዘዓርገሂ፡ ውእቱ፡ ወዘወደረሂ፡ ውእቱ፡ ወዘሀሎ፡ መልዕተ፡ ሰማያት፡ ውእቱ፡ ከመ፡ ይፈጽም፡ ኵሎ፡ በወዳሚ፡ ዘነቢያት፡ ወበዳግም፡ ዘሐዋርያት፡ ወበሣልስ፡ ዘሊቃውንት።
explicit
Alignment Start a translation alignment with Alpheios Alignment. You can also add morphological annotations there. See instructions in GitHub.
Quotations Check for marked up quotations of a passage in this section
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አነኒ፡ እቤ፡ ከማሁ፡ ኵሉ፡ ዘአርኰሰ፡ ስመ፡ ማርያም፡ ድንግል፡ ወቡርክት፡ ወለተ፡ ሐና፡ ወኢያዌም፡ እሙ፡ ለአማኑኤል፡ አምላክነ፡ ለይሙት፡ ሞተ፡ በነፍሱ፡ ወሥጋሁ፡ ወኢይርከብ፡ ጥዒና፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን።
Reading for Tuesdaychapter : 3
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Reading for Tuesday
incipit
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በእንተ፡ ዝንቱ፡ ነገር፡ ንዑ፡ ንወድሳ፡ ለሐና፡ እስመ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ወደሳ፡ ወበውዳሴሁ፡ ኃደረ፡ ለወለተ፡ ሐና፡ በከርሣ። ንዑ፡ ናዕብያ፡ ለሐና፡ እስመ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አዕበያ፡ እምሔውቱ፡ ይእቲ፡ እመንገለ፡ ሥጋ። ይእቲ፡ ትትበደር፡ እምነ፡ ወርቅ፡ ወብሩር፡ ወትኄይስ፡ ፈድፋደ፡ እምነ፡ ፲ወ፪አዕናቍ፡ ዘዘዚአሁ፡ ኅብሮን፡ ወትሤኒ፡ እምፀሐይ፡
explicit
Alignment Start a translation alignment with Alpheios Alignment. You can also add morphological annotations there. See instructions in GitHub.
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ወአዕረፈት፡ ወፈለሰት፡ በወርኃ፡ ግዕዝ፡ አመ፡ ፲ወ፩፡ ለኅዳር። ወበወርኃ፡ ዕብራውያን፡ ዳግማይ፡ ታስሪን። ወበሮሜ፡ ናኦብሮስ፡ አመ፡ ፮ዕረፍታ፡ ወቀበርዋ፡ ውስተ፡ መቃብረ፡ አበዊሃ፡ በከመ፡ ሐጎሙ፡ ለውሉደ፡ አሮን፡ እስከ፡ ማጣት፡ አቡሃ።
Reading for Wednesdaychapter : 4
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Reading for Wednesday
incipit
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ወዝንቱ፡ ኵሉ፡ ኮነ፡ ዕረፍታ፡ ለሐና፡ እንዘ፡ ሀለወት፡ እግዝእትነ፡ ማርያም፡ ውስተ፡ ቤተ፡ መቅደስ፡ ወነገርዋ፡ ከመ፡ አዕረፈት፡ ሐና፡ እማ፡ ወሰሚዓ፡ እግዝእትነ፡ ማርያም፡ በከየት፡ እንዘ፡ ትብል፡ ወይ፡ ሊተ፡ አሌ፡ ሊተ፡ እምየ፡ ኃደገተኒ፡ ትክዝተ፡ ወይ፡ ሊተ፡ አሌ፡ ሊተ፡ እመ፡ መኑ፡ ይከውነኒ፡ ሊተ፡ ከማኪ፡ ወለመኑ፡ ኃደግኒ፡ ወይ ሊተ፡ አሌ፡ ሊተ፡ እምየ፡
explicit
Alignment Start a translation alignment with Alpheios Alignment. You can also add morphological annotations there. See instructions in GitHub.
Quotations Check for marked up quotations of a passage in this section
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ወይቤ፡ ብፁዕ፡ ኢያቄም፡ ናሁ፡ አእመርኩ፡ ከመ፡ መሀረኒ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ወተወክፈኒ፡ ወራእይኒ፡ ዘአስተርአየኒ፡ እሙነ፡ ውእቱ። ወተመይጠ፡ ኢያቄም፡ ውስተ፡ ቤቱ፡ እንዘ፡ ይሴብሖ፡ ለእግዚአብሔር፡ በፍሥሐ፡ ወበሐሴት፡ ለዘሎቱ፡ ይደሉ፡ ክብር፡ ወስብሐት፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን።
Reading for Thursdaychapter : 5
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Reading for Thursday
incipit
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ናይድዕ፡ ባህለ፡ ነቢያት፡ ስማዕ፡ ዘይቤሎ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ለአቡነ፡ አዳም፡ እመጽእ፡ አነ፡ ለልየ፡ በ፭፡ ዕለተ፡ ወመንፈቀ፡ ዕለት፡ እትወለድ፡ እምወለትከ። አሜሃ፡ እምህረከ፡ ወእሣሃለከ፡ በብዝኃ፡ ምሕረትየ። ለ፶፻ዓመታት፡ ረሰዮን፡ ከመ፡ ፭ዕለታት፡ ወለ፭፻ዓመታት፡ ረሰዮን፡ ከመ፡ ፮ሠዓተ፡ ዕለት።
explicit
Alignment Start a translation alignment with Alpheios Alignment. You can also add morphological annotations there. See instructions in GitHub.
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መጽሐፈ፡ ኃጢአቱ፡ ወልደ፡ ወለታ፡ እግዚእነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ይደምስስ፡ ወይስጥጥ፡ ወይክፍሎ፡ ቁመተ፡ ምስሌሃ፡ በየማነ፡ መንግሥቱ፡ ዘኢይሠዓር፡ ወኢይትዌለጥ። ለዓለም፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን፡ ወአሜን፡ ለይኩን፡ ለይኩን።
Reading for Fridaychapter : 6
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Reading for Friday
incipit
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በስመ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አብ፡ ለሰማይ፡ ዘረበቦ። ወበስመ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ወልድ፡ ዋሕድ፡ ዘአምጽአ፡ ዓለመ፡ እምኀበ፡ አልቦ። ወበስመ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ መንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ጰራሊጦስ፡ መንፈሰ፡ አለብዎ፡ ወአጥብቦ። ናንብብ፡ ዘንተ፡ ድርሳነ፡ ዘክቡረ፡ ስም፡ ወልዑለ፡ ዝክር፡ ኢያቄም፡ አቡሃ፡ ለእግዝእትነ፡ ወላዲተ፡ አምላክ፡ ማርያም፡ ድንግል፡ በቍዔት፡ ለዘያነብቦ።
explicit
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ኦክቡር፡ ኦልዑል፡ ኦስቡሕ፡ ኦጻድቅ፡ ኦኅሩይ፡ ኦትሩፍ፡ ኦኄር፡ እም ኄራን፡ ኢያቄም፡ ሰአል፡ ወጸሊ፡ ለዘያፈቅረከ፡ ፈድፋደ፡ ገብረ፡ ማርያም፡ ኅርቱም፡ ለገቢረ፡ ሠናይ፡ ወጽድቅ፡ ድኩም፡ ይትከዐው፡ በረከትከ፡ ላዕሌሁ፡ ከመ፡ ዝናም፡ እምይእዜ፡ ወእስከ፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን።
Reading for Saturdaychapter : 7
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Reading for Saturday
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ንትመየጥ፡ ካዕበ፡ ንወድሳ፡ ለወለተ፡ ኢያቄም፡ ወሐና፡ ድንግል፡ መፆረ፡ ነበልባል፡ ዘስሙ፡ አማኑኤ። ወንዜኑ፡ ክብረ፡ ልደታ፡ እምነ፡ ክቡር፡ አረጋዊ፡ ጻድቅ፡ ወንጹሐ፡ ምግባር፡ ወትጉህ፡ ከመ፡ መላእክት። ሠናይኬ፡ ተዜያንዎ፡ ልደታ፡ ለእግዝእትነ፡ ማርያም፡ ወላዲተ፡ አምላክ፡ ድንግል፡ ዘይጥዕም፡ ጥቀ፡ እመዐር፡ ወሦከር፡ ወከመ፡ ወይን፡ መዓርዒር።
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ወእምድኅረ፡ ኅዳጥ፡ መዋዕል፡ ይቤሎሙ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ለደቂቀ፡ እስራኤል፡ ሶበ፡ አምዕዕዎ፡ አዩነ፡ ቤተ፡ ተሐንፁ፡ ለምዕራፍየ፡ ወአየኑ፡ መካነ፡ ለማኅደርየ። ነያ፡ ማኅደርየሰ፡ እንተ፡ አመጽኣ፡ ዘእድ፡ ኢገብራ፡ ዘትከውን፡ መድኃኒተ፡ ለአዳም፡ ወለደቂቁ።
Reading for Sundaychapter : 8
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Reading for Sunday
incipit
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ዝንቱ፡ ውእቱ፡ መጽሐፈ፡ ዜና፡ ልደታ፡ ለእግዝእትነ፡ ማርያም፡ ወለተ፡ ኢያቄም፡ ወልደ፡ ዳዊት፡ ንጉሥ፡ ሰሎሞን፡ ወለዶ፡ ለናታን፡ ወናታን፡ ወለዶ፡ ለሌዊ፡ ወሌዊ፡ ወለደ፡ ማጣትሃ፡ ወቅስራሃ፡ ወቅስራ፡ ወለደ፡ ኢያቄምሃ፡ አቡሃ፡ ለእግዝእትነ፡ ማርያም፡ ድንግል፡ ቅድስት፡ ወማጣት፡ ወለደ፡ ፫ት፡ አዋልደ፡
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ወከማሃ፡ ክመ፡ መጽኡ፡ ብዙኃን፡ ሕሙማን፡ ወገሠሥዋ፡ ወተፈወሱ፡ ወሐይዉ፡ እምደዌሆሙ፡ ወኮነ፡ ዕፁበ፡ ዝ፡ ግብር፡ በኀበ፡ ኵሎሙ፡ ሊቃናተ፡ እስራኤል።

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Clavis Bibliography

  • BHO. Socii Bollandiani 1910. Bibliotheca hagiographica orientalis, Subsidia Hagiographica, 10 (Bruxellis–Beyrouth: Apoud Editores–Imprimerie Catholique, 1910). item 60

Editions Bibliography

  • Budge, E. A. W., ed., 1900. The Miracles of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and the Life of Ḥannâ (Saint Anne), and the Magical Prayers of ʾAhĕta Mîkâêl. The Ethiopic Texts edited with English Translation, tr. E. A. W. Budge, Lady Meux Manuscripts, 2–5 (London: W. Griggs, 1900). 84-104

Translation Bibliography

  • Budge, E. A. W., ed., 1900. The Miracles of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and the Life of Ḥannâ (Saint Anne), and the Magical Prayers of ʾAhĕta Mîkâêl. The Ethiopic Texts edited with English Translation, tr. E. A. W. Budge, Lady Meux Manuscripts, 2–5 (London: W. Griggs, 1900). 159-207

  • Budge, E. A. W. 1922. Legends of Our Lady Mary the Perpetual Virgin and Her Mother Ḥannâ (London, Liverpool & Boston, Mass.: The Medici Society, Ltd., 1922).

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Suggested citation of this record

Pietro Maria Liuzzo, Eugenia Sokolinski, Massimo Villa, ʻGadla Ḥannāʼ, in Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft (Last Modified: 2020-05-12) https://betamasaheft.eu/works/LIT1460Gadlah [Accessed: 2024-12-18]

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Revision history

  • Massimo Villa Added texparts, relation and bibl on 12.5.2020
  • Massimo Villa Additions on 13.11.2017
  • Pietro Maria Liuzzo Created file from google spreadsheet on 21.3.2016
  • Eugenia Sokolinski CREATED: text record on 9.2.2016
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Attribution of the content

Alessandro Bausi, general editor

Pietro Maria Liuzzo, contributor

Eugenia Sokolinski, contributor

Massimo Villa, contributor

This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.