✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
Shelf marks (full list)Manuscripts (search)List of Digitized ManuscriptsCatalogues EncodedInscriptions
✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
Clavis Aethiopica (Works)Narrative UnitsStudies
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
Index of decorationsArt KeywordsIlluminations
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
PlacesRepositories
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
BibliographyIndexesProjectsVisualizationsGǝʿǝz Morphological ParserOnline Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae
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Compare manuscripts which contain Canticle of the Three Youths in the Furnace

They are currently 1.

Washington, D.C., Howard University School of Divinity, Tweed Codex 068 (1779-1779)
  • ms_i1 (complete), Maṣḥafa gǝnzat (ff. 1r-100r)
  • ms_i1.1, Opening Instructions and Prayer of Thanksgiving (ff. 1r-)
  • ms_i1.2, Readings from (ff. 1r-7v)
  • ms_i1.3 (complete), The Prayer of Manasseh (ff. 7v-8r)
  • ms_i1.4, Prayer of Daniel and Praise of Azariah (ff. 8r-8v)
  • ms_i1.5 (complete), Canticle of the Three Youths in the Furnace (ff. 8v-9r)
  • ms_i1.6, Prayer of Our Lady Mary, ጸሎት፡ ዘእግዝእትነ፡ ማርያም፡ (f. 9r)
  • ms_i1.7, Prayer of Simon, the Prophet (f. 9r)
  • ms_i1.8, Prayer of Incense, ጸሎተ፡ ዕጣን። Published in Ethiopia, ጸሎተ፡ ዕጣን። (Addis Ababa: Tǝnśa’e Zä-Guba’e, 1951 EC) (ff. 9r-13r)
  • ms_i1.9, Words of Comfort, በእንተ፡ ቃለ፡ መፍትው፡ (ff. 13r-14v)
  • ms_i1.10, Benediction for the Hours, አንብሮ፡ እድ፡ (ff. 14v-15v)
  • ms_i1.11, Prayer of Incense, ጸሎተ፡ ዕጣን፡, continued (ff. 15v-16r)
  • ms_i1.12, Prayer for the Departed at the Time of Death, አርእስተ፡ ምንባብ፡ ዘይትነበብ፡ በላዕለ፡ ምውታን፡ በጊዜ፡ ፀዓተ፡ ነፍስ፡ (ff. 16r-17r)
  • ms_i1.13, Prayer for the Passing of the Soul, ጸሎት፡ በእንተ፡ ማኅለፍተ፡ ነፍስ፡ (ff. 17r-17v)
  • ms_i1.14, Admonitions for the Time of Wrapping the Body in Burial, ተግሣጽ፡ ዘይትነበብ፡ በጊዜ፡ ግንዘት፡ በላዕለ፡ ሙታን። (ff. 17v-20v)
  • ms_i1.15, Reading after the Preparation for Burial, ሥርዓት፡ ዘይትነበብ፡ ላዕለ፡ ሙታን፡ እምድኅረ፡ ግንዘት፡ (ff. 20v-21v)
  • ms_i1.16, Prayer of Our Lady Mary, ጸሎት፡ ዘእግዝእትነ፡ ማርያም፡ (ff. 21v-22v)
  • ms_i1.17 (incomplete), Fǝtḥat za-wald (ff. 22v-23v)
  • ms_i1.18, Prayer for men who died during Passion Week, ዘይትነበብ፡ በላዕለ፡ ሙታን። ሶበ፡ ይመውቱ፡ ዕደው፡ በሰሙነ፡ ሕማማት፡ (ff. 23v-24r)
  • ms_i1.19, Prayer for women who died during Passion Week, ሶበ፡ ይመውታ፡ አንስት፡ በሰሙነ፡ ሕማማት፡ (ff. 24r-24v)
  • ms_i1.20, The Prayer of Athanasius for the Passing of the Soul, ቃለ፡ አትናቴዎስ። (ff. 24v-27v)
  • ms_i1.21, The Book that Came from Jerusalem, መጽሐፍ፡ ዘወፅአት፡ እምኢየሩሳሌም፡ (ff. 27v-32v)
  • ms_i1.22, The Book that Came from Jerusalem, Part 2 (ff. 32v-35r)
  • ms_i1.23, Processional Ritual [for Departed Priests]: (ff. 35r-40r)
  • ms_i1.23.1, Station One: Prayer when the body comes out of the house, ምዕራፈ፡ ካህናት፡ (ff. 35r-35v)
  • ms_i1.23.2, Station Two: Funeral Processional Priest On the Way to the Church, ዘፍኖት፡ (ff. 35v-36v)
  • ms_i1.23.3, Station Three: On the Way to the Church (ff. 36v-37v)
  • ms_i1.23.4, Station Four: On the Way to the Church (ff. 37v-38v)
  • ms_i1.23.5, Station Five: On the Way to the Church (ff. 38v-39r)
  • ms_i1.23.6, Station Six (ff. 39r-39v)
  • ms_i1.23.7, Station Seven: When the Body Arrives at the Church and to the place of Burial (ff. 39v-40r)
  • ms_i1.24, Processional Ritual for Departed Deacon (ff. 40r-45v)
  • ms_i1.24.1, Station One: Prayer when the body comes out of the house (ff. 40r-40v)
  • ms_i1.24.2, Station Two (ff. 40v-41r)
  • ms_i1.24.3, Station Three (ff. 41r-)
  • ms_i1.24.4, Station Four (ff. 41r-42r)
  • ms_i1.24.5, Station Five [at the church] (ff. 42r-45v)
  • ms_i1.25, Funeral Ritual for Departed Men, ፍትሐት፡ ዘአበው፡ መሃይምናን፡ (ff. 45v-50v)
  • ms_i1.26, Funeral Ritual for Departed Children, ፍትሐት፡ ዘይትነበብ፡ በላዕለ፡ ሕፃናት፡ (ff. 50v-52r)
  • ms_i1.27, Funeral Ritual for Departed Women, ፍትሐት፡ ዘዓንስት፡ ዓበይት፡ (ff. 52r-54r)
  • ms_i1.28, Funeral Ritual for Departed Girls, ፍትሐት፡ ላዕለ፡ ዓዋልድ፡ ንዑሳት፡ (ff. 54r-55v)
  • ms_i1.29, Ritual for Burial, ፍትሐት፡ ዘግብአተ፡ መሬት፡ (ff. 55v-59v)
  • ms_i1.30, General Funeral Rituals of Remembrance from the Second Day up to the Fortieth Day, ፍትሐት፡ ዘይትነበብ፡ እምካልዕ፡ ዕለት፡ እስከ፡ ፵ ዕለት። (ff. 59v-63r)
  • ms_i1.31, Funeral Rituals of Remembrance for the Third Day, ፍትሐት፡ ዘይትነበብ፡ በ፫፡ዕለት፡ (ff. 63r-64r)
  • ms_i1.32, Funeral Rituals of Remembrance for the Seventh Day, ፍትሐት፡ ዘይትነበብ፡ በ፯ ዕለት፡ (ff. 64r-65v)
  • ms_i1.33, Funeral Rituals of Remembrance for the Twelfth Day, ፍትሐት፡ ዘይትነበብ፡ በ፲ወ፪ ዕለት፡ (ff. 65v-66v)
  • ms_i1.34, Funeral Rituals of Remembrance for the Thirtieth Day, ፍትሐት፡ ዘይትነበብ፡ በ፴ ዕለት፡ (ff. 66v-68v)
  • ms_i1.35, Funeral Rituals of Remembrance for the Fortieth, Sixtieth, and Eighieth Days, Half Year and Yearly Anniversary of the Departed, ፍትሐት፡ ዘይትነበብ፡ በተፍጻሜተ፡ ፵[፡] ወበ፷[፡] ወበ፹[፡] ዕለት፡ ወበመንፈቅ፡ ወበዓመት። ወበኲሉ፡ ተዝካረ፡ ሙታን። (ff. 68v-74v)
  • ms_i1.36, Homily of Jacob of Sǝrug for Departed Priests and Deacons, ድርሳን፡ ዘብፁዕ፡ ወቅዱስ፡ ያዕቆብ፡ ዘሥሩግ፡ (ff. 74v-77r)
  • ms_i1.37, Funeral Rituals of Remembrance, continued (ff. 77r-84r)
  • ms_i1.38, Homily from One of the Brothers, ዜና፡ መፍትው፡ እምአኃው፡ (ff. 84r-85r)
  • ms_i1.39, A Second Homily from One of the Brothers, ዜና፡ መፍትው፡ እምአኃው፡ (ff. 85r-86r)
  • ms_i1.40, Prayer for all the Departed (ff. 86r-87r)
  • ms_i1.41, A Second Prayer of Our Lady Mary, ካልዕ፡ ጸሎት፡ ዘእግዝእትነ፡ ማርያም፡ ወላዲተ፡ አምላክ፡ (ff. 87r-88r)
  • ms_i1.42, A Third Prayer for the Departed (ff. 88r-89v)
  • ms_i1.43, The Longest Prayers of Repentance, ጸሎተ፡ ንስሐ፡ ዓቢይ፡ (ff. 89v-91v)
  • ms_i1.44, The Seven Benedictions of Abba Samuel, ጸሎተ፡ ቡራኬ፡ ዘአቡነ፡ ሳሙኤል፡ (ff. 92r-92v ff. 98r-98v)
  • ms_i1.45 (complete), Lǝfāfa ṣǝdq (ff. 92v-96v)
  • ms_i1.46 (complete), Mawāśǝʾǝt (ff. 96v-97v ff. 100r-100r)
  • ms_i1.47, Homily of Abba Sälama, Bishop of Ethiopia, to be read for all the Dead, ድርሳን፡ ዘቅዱስ፡ ወብፁዕ፡ አባ፡ ሰላማ፡ ዘብሔረ፡ ኢትዮጵያ፡ (ff.99r, 99v)