Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
Help

You are looking at work in progress version of this website. For questions contact the dev team.

Hover on words to see search options.

Double-click to see morphological parsing.

Click on left pointing hands and arrows to load related items and click once more to view the result in a popup.

Do you want to notify us of an error, please do so by writing an issue in our GitHub repository (click the envelope for a precomiled one).
On small screens, will show a navigation bar on the leftOpen Item Navigation
Edit Not sure how to do this? Have a look at the Beta maṣāḥǝft Guidelines!
Hide pointersClick here to hide or show again the little arrows and small left pointing hands in this page.
Hide relatedClick here to hide or show again the right side of the content area, where related items and keywords are shown.
EntryMain Entry
TEI/XMLDownload an enriched TEI file with explicit URIs bibliography from Zotero API.
SyntaxeSee graphs of the information available. If the manuscript contains relevant information, then you will see visualizations based on La Syntaxe du Codex, by Andrist, Canart and Maniaci.
RelationsFurther visualization of relational information
TranscriptionTranscription (as available). Do you have a transcription you want to contribute? Contact us or click on EDIT and submit your contribution.
ImagesManuscript images in the Mirador viewer via IIIF

Gulo Maḵadā, ʿĀddi Qiyāḥto Qǝddǝst Māryām, QQM-004

Susanne Hummel (cataloguer)

This manuscript description is based on the catalogues listed in the catalogue bibliography

Work in Progress
https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004
ʿĀddi Qiyāḥto Qǝddǝst Māryām[view repository]

Collection: Ethio-SPaRe

page 31rhttps://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31r
column 31rahttps://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31ra
line 31ra1https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31ra1
line 31ra2https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31ra2
line 31ra3https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31ra3
line 31ra4https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31ra4
line 31ra5https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31ra5
line 31ra6https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31ra6
line 31ra7https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31ra7
line 31ra8https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31ra8
line 31ra9https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31ra9
line 31ra10https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31ra10
line 31ra11https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31ra11
line 31ra12https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31ra12
line 31ra13https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31ra13
line 31ra14https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31ra14
line 31ra15https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31ra15
line 31ra16https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31ra16
line 31ra17https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31ra17
line 31ra18https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31ra18
line 31ra19https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31ra19
line 31ra20https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31ra20
line 31ra21https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31ra21
line 31ra22https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31ra22
line 31ra23https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31ra23
line 31ra24https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31ra24
line 31ra25https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31ra25
column 31rbhttps://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31rb
line 31rb1https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31rb1
line 31rb2https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31rb2
line 31rb3https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31rb3
line 31rb4https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31rb4
line 31rb5https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31rb5
line 31rb6https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31rb6
line 31rb7https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31rb7
line 31rb8https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31rb8
line 31rb9https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31rb9
line 31rb10https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31rb10
line 31rb11https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31rb11
line 31rb12https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31rb12
line 31rb13https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31rb13
line 31rb14https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31rb14
line 31rb15https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31rb15
line 31rb16https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31rb16
line 31rb17https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31rb17
line 31rb18https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31rb18
line 31rb19https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31rb19
line 31rb20https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31rb20
line 31rb21https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31rb21
line 31rb22https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31rb22
line 31rb23https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31rb23
line 31rb24https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31rb24
line 31rb25https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31rb25
page 31vhttps://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31v
column 31vahttps://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31va
line 31va1https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31va1
line 31va2https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31va2
line 31va3https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31va3
line 31va4https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31va4
line 31va5https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31va5
line 31va6https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31va6
line 31va7https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31va7
line 31va8https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31va8
line 31va9https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31va9
line 31va10https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31va10
line 31va11https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31va11
line 31va12https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31va12
line 31va13https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31va13
line 31va14https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31va14
line 31va15https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31va15
line 31va16https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31va16
line 31va17https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31va17
line 31va18https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31va18
line 31va19https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31va19
line 31va20https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31va20
line 31va21https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31va21
line 31va22https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31va22
line 31va23https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31va23
line 31va24https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31va24
line 31va25https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31va25
column 31vbhttps://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31vb
line 31vb1https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31vb1
line 31vb2https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31vb2
line 31vb3https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31vb3
line 31vb4https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31vb4
line 31vb5https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31vb5
line 31vb6https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31vb6
line 31vb7https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31vb7
line 31vb8https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31vb8
line 31vb9https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31vb9
line 31vb10https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31vb10
line 31vb11https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31vb11
line 31vb12https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31vb12
line 31vb13https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31vb13
line 31vb14https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31vb14
line 31vb15https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31vb15
line 31vb16https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31vb16
line 31vb17https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31vb17
line 31vb18https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31vb18
line 31vb19https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31vb19
line 31vb20https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31vb20
line 31vb21https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31vb21
line 31vb22https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31vb22
line 31vb23https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31vb23
line 31vb24https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31vb24
line 31vb25https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31vb25
  • Citation URI: https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.31
  • Collection API: https://betamasaheft.eu/api/dts/collections?id=https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004
  • Navigation API: https://betamasaheft.eu/api/dts/navigation?id=https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004&ref=31
  • Document API: https://betamasaheft.eu/api/dts/document?id=https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004&ref=31
folio : 31
Alignment Start a translation alignment with Alpheios Alignment. You can also add morphological annotations there. See instructions in GitHub.
Quotations Check for marked up quotations of a passage in this section
back to top

| | |ወይበኪ፡ መዓልተ፡ ወ|ሌሊተ፡ ወበጊዜ፡ ፀለዓት፡ | ዘዕለተ፡ ረቡዕ፡ ወደከመ፡ | ወእስመከ፡ ርእሶ፡ በእረ|ፍት፡ ዘውስቴታ፡ ሥዕለ፡ | እግዝእትነ፡ ቅድስት፡ ድ|ንግል፡ በ፪ማርያም፡ ወላ|ዲተ፡ አምላክ፡ ወርእየ፡ | በህልሙ፡ ከመ፡ እዴሃ፡ ለ|ሥዕል፡ ገሠሠተ፡ ሥጋሁ፡ | ወነቅሐ፡ ሶቤሃ፡ ወረከበ፡ | ሥጋሁ፡ ንጹሐ፡ አምላም|ጹ፡ ወተፈሥሖ፡ ዓቢየ፡ ፍ|ሥሐ፡ ወሰብሖ፡ ለእግዚኦ|ብር፡ ወአዕኰታ፡ ለእግ|ዝእትነ፡ ቅድስት፡ ድንግ|ል፡ በ፪ማርያም፡ ወላዲተ፡ | አምላክ፡ በእንተ፡ ዘጸገወ|ቶ፡ ጸጋ፡ ጸሎታ፡ ወበረከ|ታ፡ ወምሕረተ፡ ፍቁር፡ ወ|ልዳ፡ የሀሉ፡ ምስሌነ፡ ለዓ|ለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን፡ | ቆሬዎስ፡ ካህን፡ ዘአንባሕ፡ | ኪዮ፡ አምላምደ፤ ወአሕ|ያውኪዮ፡ ፍጡነ፡ እምነ፡ | |ሕማም፡ ዘታረምጻ፡ | ማ ያምልዓ፡ ለሕሊ|ናየ፡ ሕፀሃ፡ ለወልድኪ፡ | መምህረ፡ ህማ፡ ኢይር|ሣእ፡ ተግሣጸ፡ ከመ፡ ዘ|ይሬኢ፡ በመጽሑት፡ ገ|ጸኃግብ። ግኆአብሔር። | ተአምሪሃ፡ ለእግዝእትነ፡ | ቅድስት፡ ድንግል፡ በ፪ማርያ|ወላዲተ፡ አምላክ፡ ጸሎ|ታ፡ ወበረከታ፡ የሀሉ፡ ም|ስሌነ፡ አሜን። ወሀለወ|ት፡ በይእቲ፡ ቤተ፡ ክርስ|ቲያን፡ በሀገረ፡ ሀርሎ|ም፡ ዘሀለወት፡ ውስቱ፡ | ታ፡ ስእለ፡ እግእትነ፡ ቅድ|ስት፡ ድንግል፡ በ፪ማርያ|ወላዲተ፡ አምላክ፡ ዘይ|ስምይዋ፡ ረደዒት፡ ወአ|ሐቲ፡ ብእሲት፡ ነዳይት|እምሰብእ፡ ይእቲ፡ ሀገር፡ | ዘተሰብረ፡ እግራ፡ ወአል|ባቲ፡ ምንተኒ፡ እምንዋ|የ፡ ዝንቱ፡ ዓለም፡ ከመ፡ ት|ሀብ፡ ለዓቃቤ፡ ሥራይ፡ ይ | | |ፈውስ፡ ወእምዝ፡ ዓር|ዋ፡ አዝማዲሃ፡ ወአ|ብጽሕዋ፡ ኀበ፡ ቤተ፡ ክ|ርስቲያን፡ ወገደፍዋ፡ | ቅድመ፡ ሥዕላ፡ ለእግ|ዝእትነ፡ ቅድስት፡ ድ|ንግል፡ በ፪ማርያም፡ ወላ|ዲተ፡ አምላክ፡ ወሖሩ፡ | ወዓፀወ፡ ዓይቤ፡ ቤተ፡ | ክርስቲያን፡ ላዕሌሃ፤፡ አ|ንቀጸ፡ ወኃደግዋ፡ አን|ተ፡ ውስጥ፡ ወኮነት፡ ት|ወጽአ፡ ወትረ፡ እግዝእ|ትነ፡ ቅድስት፡ ድንግል፡ | ማርያም፡ ወላዲተ፡ አም|ላክ፡ ኀበ፡ ይእቲ፡ ቤተ፡ | ክርስቲያን፡ ወተዓው|ድ፡ ዝየ፡ ወለዝየኒ፡ ወ|ታንስሱ፡ ኵለ፡ ቤሊተ፡ | ወሶበ፡ ያርኀው፡ አንቀ|ጸ፡ ጊይ፡ መንፈቀ፡ ቤሊ|ተ፡ ይረክብዋ፡ ዓቃቤ፡ ቤ|ተ፡ ክርስቲያን። ወፀቀ|ሲሰ፡ ዓረጋዊ፡ ወበይእቲ፡ | ሌሊተ፡ አንተ፡ ኀዳግዋ፡ | |ለእንታክቱ፡ ብእሲት፡ | ስብርት፡ ውስተ፡ ቤተ፡ | ክርስቲያን፡ መጽአት፡ | እግእትነ፡ ቅድስት፡ ድን|ግል፡ በ፪ማርያም፡ ወላዲ|ተ፡ አምላክ፡ በከመ፡ ልማ|ዳ፡ ወረከበታ፡ ለይእቲ፡ ብ|እሊተ፡ እንዘ፡ ትስክብ፡ ቅ|ድመ፡ ሥዕለ፡ እእግዚእ|ትነ፡ ቅድስት፡ ድንግል፡ በ|፪ማርያም፡ ወላዲተ፡ አም|ላክ። ወቀጸበታ፡ በአገሪ|ሃ፡ ወተንሥአት፡ ሶቤሃ፤ ወ|ቆመት፡ በአገሪሃ፡ ወሐይ|ወት። ወሶበ፡ ጊዜ፡ መንፈ|ቀ፡ ሌሊተ፡ ዓቃቤ፡ ቤተ፡ ክ|ርስቲያን፡ አርኃወ፡ አንቀ|ጸ፡ ወቦአ፡ ውስቴታ፡ ወረከ|በ፡ ለይእቲ፡ ብእሲት፡ አን|ዘ፡ ትቅውም፡ ወይቤላ፡ ም|ንተ፡ ከንኪ፡ ወመኑ፡ አሕየ|ወኪ። ወትቤሎ፡ መጽአ|ት፡ እግዝእትነ፡ ቅድስት፡ | ድንግል፡ በ፪ማርያም፡ ወላ|ዲተ፡ አምላክ፡ እንዘ፡ ይበር

Text visualization help

Page breaks are indicated with a line and the number of the page break. Column breaks are indicated with a pipe (|) followed by the name of the column.

In the text navigation bar:

  • References are relative to the current level of the view. If you want to see further navigation levels, please click the arrow to open in another page.
  • Each reference available for the current view can be clicked to scroll to that point. alternatively you can view the section clicking on the arrow.
  • Using an hyphen between references, like LIT3122Galaw.1-2 you can get a view of these two sections only
  • Clicking on an index will call the list of relevant annotated entities and print a parallel navigation aid. This is not limited to the context but always refers to the entire text. Also these references can either be clicked if the text is present in the context or can be opened clicking on the arrow, to see them in another page.

In the text:

  • Click on ↗ to see the related items in Pelagios.
  • Click on to see the which entities within Beta maṣāḥǝft point to this identifier.
  • [!] contains additional information related to uncertainties in the encoding.
  • Superscript digits refer to notes in the apparatus which are displayed on the right.
  • to return to the top of the page, please use the back to top button

Catalogue Bibliography

Catalogue Bibliography of codicological unit 1

This page contains RDFa. RDF+XML graph of this resource. Alternate representations available via VoID.
Hypothes.is public annotations pointing here

Use the tag BetMas:ESqqm004 in your public hypothes.is annotations which refer to this entity.

Suggested Citation of this record

To cite a precise version, please, click on load permalinks and to the desired version (see documentation on permalinks), then import the metadata or copy the below, with the correct link.

Susanne Hummel, Denis Nosnitsin, Pietro Maria Liuzzo, Eugenia Sokolinski, Giulia Casella, ʻGulo Maḵadā, ʿĀddi Qiyāḥto Qǝddǝst Māryām, QQM-004ʼ, in Alessandro Bausi, ed., Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft (Last Modified: 2021-04-06) https://betamasaheft.eu/manuscripts/ESqqm004 [Accessed: 2024-05-26]

Revisions of the data

  • Pietro Maria Liuzzo Pietro Maria Liuzzo: transformed Transkribus export in TEI to BM added facsimile and transkribus text, split file with xinclude on 6.4.2021
  • Giulia Casella Giulia Casella: aligned images in Transkribus on 5.4.2021
  • Eugenia Sokolinski Eugenia Sokolinski: adjusted to schema, introduced msParts, msItems on 12.8.2020
  • Pietro Maria Liuzzo Pietro Maria Liuzzo: transformed from mycore to TEI P5 on 10.5.2016
  • Denis Nosnitsin Denis Nosnitsin: last edited in Ethio-SPaRe on 14.9.2015
  • Susanne Hummel Susanne Hummel: catalogued in Ethio-SPaRe on 14.5.2014
  • Denis Nosnitsin: Ethio-SPaRe team photographed the manuscript on 24.5.2011

Attributions of the contents

Pietro Maria Liuzzo, contributor

Eugenia Sokolinski, contributor

Giulia Casella, contributor

This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.