Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
Help

You are looking at work in progress version of this website. For questions contact the dev team.

Hover on words to see search options.

Double-click to see morphological parsing.

Click on left pointing hands and arrows to load related items and click once more to view the result in a popup.

Do you want to notify us of an error, please do so by writing an issue in our GitHub repository (click the envelope for a precomiled one).
On small screens, will show a navigation bar on the leftOpen Item Navigation
Edit Not sure how to do this? Have a look at the Beta maṣāḥǝft Guidelines!
Hide pointersClick here to hide or show again the little arrows and small left pointing hands in this page.
Hide relatedClick here to hide or show again the right side of the content area, where related items and keywords are shown.
EntryMain Entry
TEI/XMLDownload an enriched TEI file with explicit URIs bibliography from Zotero API.
SyntaxeSee graphs of the information available. If the manuscript contains relevant information, then you will see visualizations based on La Syntaxe du Codex, by Andrist, Canart and Maniaci.
RelationsFurther visualization of relational information
TranscriptionTranscription (as available). Do you have a transcription you want to contribute? Contact us or click on EDIT and submit your contribution.
ImagesManuscript images in the Mirador viewer via IIIF

Gulo Maḵadā, ʿĀddi Qiyāḥto Qǝddǝst Māryām, QQM-004

Susanne Hummel (cataloguer)

This manuscript description is based on the catalogues listed in the catalogue bibliography

Work in Progress
https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004
ʿĀddi Qiyāḥto Qǝddǝst Māryām[view repository]

Collection: Ethio-SPaRe

page 119rhttps://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119r
column 119rahttps://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119ra
line 119ra1https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119ra1
line 119ra2https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119ra2
line 119ra3https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119ra3
line 119ra4https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119ra4
line 119ra5https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119ra5
line 119ra6https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119ra6
line 119ra7https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119ra7
line 119ra8https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119ra8
line 119ra9https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119ra9
line 119ra10https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119ra10
line 119ra11https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119ra11
line 119ra12https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119ra12
line 119ra13https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119ra13
line 119ra14https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119ra14
line 119ra15https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119ra15
line 119ra16https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119ra16
line 119ra17https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119ra17
line 119ra18https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119ra18
line 119ra19https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119ra19
line 119ra20https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119ra20
line 119ra21https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119ra21
line 119ra22https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119ra22
line 119ra23https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119ra23
column 119rbhttps://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119rb
line 119rb1https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119rb1
line 119rb2https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119rb2
line 119rb3https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119rb3
line 119rb4https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119rb4
line 119rb5https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119rb5
line 119rb6https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119rb6
line 119rb7https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119rb7
line 119rb8https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119rb8
line 119rb9https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119rb9
line 119rb10https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119rb10
line 119rb11https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119rb11
line 119rb12https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119rb12
line 119rb13https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119rb13
line 119rb14https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119rb14
line 119rb15https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119rb15
line 119rb16https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119rb16
line 119rb17https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119rb17
line 119rb18https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119rb18
line 119rb19https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119rb19
line 119rb20https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119rb20
line 119rb21https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119rb21
line 119rb22https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119rb22
line 119rb23https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119rb23
page 119vhttps://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119v
column 119vahttps://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119va
line 119va1https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119va1
line 119va2https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119va2
line 119va3https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119va3
line 119va4https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119va4
line 119va5https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119va5
line 119va6https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119va6
line 119va7https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119va7
line 119va8https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119va8
line 119va9https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119va9
line 119va10https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119va10
line 119va11https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119va11
line 119va12https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119va12
line 119va13https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119va13
line 119va14https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119va14
line 119va15https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119va15
line 119va16https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119va16
line 119va17https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119va17
line 119va18https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119va18
line 119va19https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119va19
line 119va20https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119va20
line 119va21https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119va21
line 119va22https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119va22
line 119va23https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119va23
column 119vbhttps://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119vb
line 119vb1https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119vb1
line 119vb2https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119vb2
line 119vb3https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119vb3
line 119vb4https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119vb4
line 119vb5https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119vb5
line 119vb6https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119vb6
line 119vb7https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119vb7
line 119vb8https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119vb8
line 119vb9https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119vb9
line 119vb10https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119vb10
line 119vb11https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119vb11
line 119vb12https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119vb12
line 119vb13https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119vb13
line 119vb14https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119vb14
line 119vb15https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119vb15
line 119vb16https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119vb16
line 119vb17https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119vb17
line 119vb18https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119vb18
line 119vb19https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119vb19
line 119vb20https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119vb20
line 119vb21https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119vb21
line 119vb22https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119vb22
line 119vb23https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119vb23
  • Citation URI: https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004.119
  • Collection API: https://betamasaheft.eu/api/dts/collections?id=https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004
  • Navigation API: https://betamasaheft.eu/api/dts/navigation?id=https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004&ref=119
  • Document API: https://betamasaheft.eu/api/dts/document?id=https://betamasaheft.eu/ESqqm004&ref=119
folio : 119
Alignment Start a translation alignment with Alpheios Alignment. You can also add morphological annotations there. See instructions in GitHub.
Quotations Check for marked up quotations of a passage in this section
back to top

| | |ተፈሥሐ፡ እስመ፡ በጽሖ፡ በሰላ|ም። ወሶበ፡ ተዓት፡ ይቤሎ፡ ንጉሥ|በጽሐኮኑ፡ ምስለ፡ መላእክት፡ ወ|ይቤሎ፡ ምስለ፡ መኑ። ወይቤሎ፡ | ምስለ፡ የፈ፡ ርግብ፡ ፩ዓዳ፡ በጽሐ|ኀቤሃ፡ እምቅድመ፡ ኀህ፡ ወጽባሕ፡ | በይእቲ፡ ሌሊት፡ ወነዋ፡ ይእዜኒ፡ | ሀለዋ፡ ምስሌየ። ወይቤሎ፡ ንጉ|ሥ፡ አማን፡ ኮነ፡ ዝንቱ፡ ወይቤ፡ መ|ስፍን፡ እምህለከ፡ በእግዚአብሔ|ር፡ ኦእግዝእየ፡ ከመ፡ ትህሥት፡ | ሊተ፡ ዘንተ፡ ምሥጢረ፡ ዘኢይ|ትኃለይ፡ ውስተ፡ ልብ፡ ወኢሰ|ማዕኩ፡ ዘከማሁ፡ ወካዕበ፡ ይቤ|ሎ፡ ንጉሥ፡ ስነግረከ፡ አንሰ፡ እም|ቅድመ፡ ስጽሐፍ፡ ለኮ፡ ዘንተ፡ ወ|ማረ፡ እንዘ፡ ሀሎ፡ ፫ዕለተ፡ በቀ|ዳሚሁ፡ ዕለተ፡ ሌሊተ፡ እንዘ፡ ሀ|ሎኩ፡ ነዊምየ፡ ርኢኩ፡ እንዘ፡ | ይነድድ፡ እስተ፡ ውስተ፡ ኵሉ፡ | ቅጽርየ፡ ወታዕከ፡ ማንግሥ|ትየ፡ ወአብርሃ፡ ብርሃነ፡ ኵሎ፡ | ምጽረ፡ ወይቤላ፡ ለነፍስየ፡ ም| |ንተቤ፡ ዝንቱ፡ ዘቦአዮም፡ ው|ስተ፡ ቅድርየ፡ ወአውሥአኒ፡ | ብርሃናዊ፡ ብእሴ፡ ወይቤለኒ፡ | ኢያአመርኮኑ፡ እስመ፡ እግዝ|እትነ፡ ቅድስት፡ ድንግል፡ ማርያ|ም፡ ወላዲተ፡ አምላክ፡ መጽ|አት፡ ኀቤከ፡ ወቦአት፡ ውስተ፡ ቅ|ጽር፡ ተንሥአ፡ ወስግድ፡ ላቲ፡ | ከመ፡ ሰማዕኩ፡ ጽምጻ፡ ዘየዓ|ቢ፡ አምድምፀ፡ መባርቅት፡ | ወነጐድጓድ፡ እንዘ፡ ይገብሩ፡ | ይቤ፡ ወሙሐዘ፡ ስብሐት፡ ከ|መ፡ ቃለ፡ አርጋኖን፡ ወካዕበ፡ | መጽአ፡ ቃል፡ እመንገሴዌ። | ወይቤለኒ፡ አዝዝእ፡ ከመ፡ | ተትአደዋ፡ ለቤተ፡ ክርስቲ|ያንየ፡ ዘሀለወት፡ ሀገረ፡ አት|ሪብ።፡ ወለምንት፡ አዘዝከ፡ አ|ማስኖታ፡ ወይቤ፡ ሐሰ፡ ሊተ፡ | ኦእግዝእትየ፤ ወአልብየ፡ | ምንትኒ፡ ከምዝንቱ፡ | ገር፤ ወኢያለመርኩ፡ | ግሙራ፡ ወይቤለኒ፡ ደግመ፡ | | |ውእቱ፡ ቃል፡ ለአመ፡ ኢጸሐ|ፍከ፡ መልእክተከ፡ ከመ፡ ኢያ|ማስና፡ በቤተ፡ ክርስቲያንየ፡ | ፈከውከ፡ ሠናየ። ወሶበ፡ ኮነ፡ | ሰኒታ፡ ዕለት፡ በይእቲ፡ ቤሌ|ት፡ አስተእየትኒ፡ ዘከማሁ፡ | እምስሊሁ፡ መንገሰ፡ መንበራ|ለእግዝእትነ፡ ቅድስት፡ ድን|ግል፡ በ፪ማርያም፡ ወላዲተ፡ | አምላክ፡ ወይቤለኒ፡ ትማም|ኢይቤለከኒ፡ ኢትትዓዳዋ፡ | ለቤተ፡ ክርስቲንየ፡ ዘሀለ|ወት፡ በሀገረ፡ አትሪብ፡ ወአ|ቤሎ፡ ሰማዕኩ፡ ትአዘዘኪ፡ | ወአሰጠዎ፡ ለቃለ፡ ነገር|ኪ፡ ኦእግዝእትየ፡ ወበጊዜ፡ | ጽባሕ፡ ውእቱ፡ ዕለት፡ ተኀ|የይኩ፡ ተአዘዘ፡ በፍርዛ|ዜ፡ ወገዳፍኩ፡ ራስየ፡ በዝ|ንገኤ፡ ልብ፡ ወአመ፡ ሣል|ስት፡ ዕርለተ፡ አስተ|ርእየተኒ፡ ከማሁ፡ በ|አርአያሁ፡ ወኢያዕመ| |ርኩ፡ ዘአንሥአኒ፡ አምዲለ፡ ዓ|ራትየ፡ ወዓቀመኒ፡ ርቱዓ፡ በ|አገርየ፡ ወረከበኒ፡ ድንጋፄ፡ | ዓቢይ፡ ወነለለኒ፡ ውእቱ፡ ቃል፡ | ምዕረ፡ ዳግመ፡ ወይቤለኒ፡ ለ|አመ፡ ኢተሣካልኩከ፤ በምሕረ|ትየ፡ እምአንጐልኩከ፡ ፍጡነ፡ | ሥጋከ፡ ወነፍስከ፡ ወእምዳም|ስስኩከ፡ እምድር፡ ዝካረከ፡ ለ|ምንት፡ ትትዓደው፡ ትአክ|የ፡ ወናሁ፡ ጊዜ፡ አስተርአይኩ|ከ፡ ወእቤለከ፡ ኢትትዓደዋ፡ ለ|ቤተ፡ ክርስቲያየ፡ ዘሀገረ፡ ወኢ|ታማስን፡ ሕንዔሃ፡ ወጸሐፍ፡ይ|እዜ፡ መጽሐፈ፡ መልእክት፡ ወ|ፈኑ፡ ኀበ፡ መስፍን፡ ዘለአከ፡ ከመ፡ | ኢኢያማስን፡ አብያተ፡ ክርስቲያ|ናት። ወእቤሎ፡ ኦእግዝእትየ፡ | ሶበ፡ አጽሕፍ፡ መጽሐፈ፡ መል|አት፡ መኑ፡ ይወሰደ፡ ኀበ፡ መስ|ፍን፡ ወትቤለኒ፡ እስኩ፡ ጸሐፍ|እግዚአብሔር፡ የኀሥሥ፡ ሊ|ተ፡ ወበጊዜሃ፡ ጸሕፍክዋ፡ ለ

Text visualization help

Page breaks are indicated with a line and the number of the page break. Column breaks are indicated with a pipe (|) followed by the name of the column.

In the text navigation bar:

  • References are relative to the current level of the view. If you want to see further navigation levels, please click the arrow to open in another page.
  • Each reference available for the current view can be clicked to scroll to that point. alternatively you can view the section clicking on the arrow.
  • Using an hyphen between references, like LIT3122Galaw.1-2 you can get a view of these two sections only
  • Clicking on an index will call the list of relevant annotated entities and print a parallel navigation aid. This is not limited to the context but always refers to the entire text. Also these references can either be clicked if the text is present in the context or can be opened clicking on the arrow, to see them in another page.

In the text:

  • Click on ↗ to see the related items in Pelagios.
  • Click on to see the which entities within Beta maṣāḥǝft point to this identifier.
  • [!] contains additional information related to uncertainties in the encoding.
  • Superscript digits refer to notes in the apparatus which are displayed on the right.
  • to return to the top of the page, please use the back to top button

Catalogue Bibliography

Catalogue Bibliography of codicological unit 1

This page contains RDFa. RDF+XML graph of this resource. Alternate representations available via VoID.
Hypothes.is public annotations pointing here

Use the tag BetMas:ESqqm004 in your public hypothes.is annotations which refer to this entity.

Suggested Citation of this record

To cite a precise version, please, click on load permalinks and to the desired version (see documentation on permalinks), then import the metadata or copy the below, with the correct link.

Susanne Hummel, Denis Nosnitsin, Pietro Maria Liuzzo, Eugenia Sokolinski, Giulia Casella, ʻGulo Maḵadā, ʿĀddi Qiyāḥto Qǝddǝst Māryām, QQM-004ʼ, in Alessandro Bausi, ed., Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft (Last Modified: 2021-04-06) https://betamasaheft.eu/manuscripts/ESqqm004 [Accessed: 2024-05-27]

Revisions of the data

  • Pietro Maria Liuzzo Pietro Maria Liuzzo: transformed Transkribus export in TEI to BM added facsimile and transkribus text, split file with xinclude on 6.4.2021
  • Giulia Casella Giulia Casella: aligned images in Transkribus on 5.4.2021
  • Eugenia Sokolinski Eugenia Sokolinski: adjusted to schema, introduced msParts, msItems on 12.8.2020
  • Pietro Maria Liuzzo Pietro Maria Liuzzo: transformed from mycore to TEI P5 on 10.5.2016
  • Denis Nosnitsin Denis Nosnitsin: last edited in Ethio-SPaRe on 14.9.2015
  • Susanne Hummel Susanne Hummel: catalogued in Ethio-SPaRe on 14.5.2014
  • Denis Nosnitsin: Ethio-SPaRe team photographed the manuscript on 24.5.2011

Attributions of the contents

Pietro Maria Liuzzo, contributor

Eugenia Sokolinski, contributor

Giulia Casella, contributor

This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.