✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
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✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
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The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
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The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
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This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
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Gondarine Kingdom

Francesca Panini

Under Review
https://betamasaheft.eu/LOC6554GondarineK
kingdom
Manuscripts in Gondarine Kingdom
Places IndexGeneralDescriptionMap

Names

Gondarine Kingdom↗ Gondar↗ Blue Nile↗ Ṭānā↗ Tǝgrāy↗ Blue Nile↗ Blue Nile↗ Blue Nile↗ Ṭānā↗ Tǝgrāy↗ ʿAdwā↗ ʾAksum↗ Blue Nile↗

Gondarine Kingdomeg

General information

description: The so-called Gondarine Kingdom is a kingdom founded in the 1630s with its capital in Gondar and which lasted until the 1760s. The construction of palaces and churches by the kingdom's founder Fāsiladas↗ and his successors is a key feature of the Gondarine Kingdom: this created a large fixed concentration of political and cultural resources. The core of the Gondarine Kingdom were the lands within the great bend of the Blue Nile↗ , the highlands north and east of the lake Ṭānā↗ and central Tǝgrāy↗ , including ʿAdwā↗ and ʾAksum↗ . However, in the early 18th century, the territories of the kingdom had already reduced to include only the lands within and north of the great bend of the Blue Nile↗ due to Oromo↗ 's expansion.

Foundation date

1630s

History

history: The history of the so-called Gondarine Kingdom can be divided into three phases: foundation (from 1630s to 1706), transition and insecurity (1706 to 1720s) and revival (1720s to 1760s). The Gondarine Kingdom's foundation and early history is closely linked to Gondar↗ 's foundation by ? Fāsiladas↗ and its flourishing under Fāsiladas↗ himself and his successors: his son ? Yoḥānnǝs I↗ and grandson ? ʾIyāsu I↗ . The kingdom incorporated the lands within the great bend of the Blue Nile↗ , the highlands north and east of the lake Ṭānā↗ and central Tǝgrāy↗ . However, an expedition by ʾIyāsu I↗ south of the Blue Nile↗ in 1704 showed how much the territories of the kingdom had reduced to include only the lands within and north of the great bend of the Blue Nile↗ due to Oromo↗ 's expansion. Increasing internal and theological conflicts within the Ethiopian Orthodox Church negatively affected the royal court as it became apparent after the assassination of ʾIyāsu I↗ in 1706. ʾIyāsu I↗ 's death opened a phase of instability for the kingdom which came to an end in the 1720s, mainly thanks to the role of Bakāffā↗ 's consort Mǝntǝwwāb↗ . From the 1760s, the court gradually lost control due to the death of some key supporters of Mǝntǝwwāb↗ , her ageing and the increasing power of regional nobles. During the 17th century, the Gondarine Kingdom pursued relationships with Yemen, Turkey and India while they turned away from the West except for commercial relationships with the Dutch. In the 18th century, some rulers considered entertaining new relationships with Europe but faced opposition by popular opinion.

Secondary Bibliography

  • Berry, L. B., J. Quirin, and D. Crummey 2005. ‘Gondär’, in S. Uhlig, ed., Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, II (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2005), 838a–848a.
    ZoteroOther citations

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Keywords

kingdom

    Publication Statement

    authority
    Hiob-Ludolf-Zentrum für Äthiopistik
    publisher
    Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft
    pubPlace
    Hamburg
    availability
    This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.
    date
    type=expanded
    2022-01-05T15:14:57.706+01:00
    date
    type=lastModified
    3.10.2016
    idno
    type=collection
    places
    idno
    type=url
    https://betamasaheft.eu/places/LOC6554GondarineK
    idno
    type=URI
    https://betamasaheft.eu/LOC6554GondarineK
    idno
    type=filename
    LOC6554GondarineK.xml
    idno
    type=ID
    LOC6554GondarineK

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Administrative position
t:country ኢትዮጵያ
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Suggested citation of this record

Francesca Panini, ʻGondarine Kingdomʼ, in Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft (Last Modified: 2016-10-03) https://betamasaheft.eu/places/LOC6554GondarineK [Accessed: 2024-11-23]

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Revision history

  • Francesca Panini Francesca Panini: completed record on 3.10.2016
  • Francesca Panini Francesca Panini: added info to record on 26.9.2016
  • Francesca Panini Francesca Panini: CREATED: place on 26.9.2016
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Attribution of the content

This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.