ʾIfāt
Solomon Gebreyes
Names
ኢፋት፡↗ normalized: ʾIfāt↗ alt: አውፋት፡↗ normalized: ʾAwfāt↗ alt: ወፋት፡↗ normalized: Wafāt↗ alt: ይፋት፡↗ normalized: Yǝfāt↗ Ethiopia↗ Red Sea↗ Indian Ocean↗ Robi↗ Qäbänna↗
ኢፋት፡gez
alt: አውፋት፡ar
alt: ወፋት፡ar
alt: ይፋት፡am
History
history: It was a historical region and sultanate in central Ethiopia↗ , flourished around 1285. It is an integral part of the Rift Valley, the area of ʾIfāt served for millenia as a point of contact between the pastoral or nomadic economic formations of the eastern lowlands and ancient agricultural societies of the Ethiopian highlands. Islam must have been introduced into the region in early times. The growth of the power of ʾIfāt came to a halt in the 14th century. The strategic importance of ʾIfāt placed it against the Christian state consolidated by the rulers of Solomonic dynasty, whose ambition was to control the caravan trade to the Red Sea↗ Indian Ocean↗ . The area of ʾIfāt was reduced to a battle ground in the course of ʾAḥmad↗ and subsequent Oromo↗ migrations. In the 16th and 18th century ʾIfāt remained a small region between Robi↗ and Qäbänna↗ rivers. ʾIfāt had won important value in the study of historical geography both in the local works and traveler accounts. The Chronicle of ʿAmda Ṣǝyon ↗ recounted the campaign of the king against the Sultanate of ʾIfāt. The entire chronicle is devoted of the warrior’s king against the Sultan of ʾIfāt Ṣabraddīn I Muḥammad b. Dalḥūy↗ . It also appears in Chronicle of Zarʾa Yāʿqob which reports that the king appointed a governor for the province of ʾIfāt.
Secondary Bibliography
-
Solomon Gebreyes Beyene 2016. Chronicle of King Gälawdewos (1540-1559): Critical Edition and Annotated Translation, Dissertation, Hamburg: Universität Hamburg (2016).
-
Conzelman, W. E. 1895. Chronique de Galâwdêwos (Claudius), roi d’Éthiopie, texte éthiopien, traduit, annoté et précédé d’une introduction historique, ed., tr. W. E. Conzelman, Bibliothèque de l’École pratique des hautes études, Sciences philologiques et historiques, 104 (Paris: Librairie Émile Bouillon, Éditeur, 1895).
-
Marrassini, P. 1993. Lo scettro e la croce: La campagna di ʿAmda Ṣeyon I contro l’Ifāt (1332), ed., tr. P. Marrassini, Studi Africanistici, Serie Etiopica, 4 (Napoli: Istituto Universitario Orientale, Dipartimento di Studi e Ricerche su Africa e Paesi Arabi, 1993).page 56, 60, 78, 112
-
Perruchon, J. 1893. Les Chroniques de Zârʾâ Yâʿeqôb et de Bʾaeda Mâryâm, rois d’Éthiopie de 1434 à 1478, Bibliothèque de l’École pratique des hautes études, Sciences philologiques et historiques, 93 (Paris: Émile Bouillon, Éditeur, 1893).page 12
-
Ahmed Hassen Omer and D. Nosnitsin 2007. ‘Ifat’, in S. Uhlig, ed., Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, III (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2007), 118a–120a.
-
Solomon Gebreyes Beyene, S. 2015. ‘The Chronicle of Emperor Gälawdewos (1540-1559): a source on Ethiopia’s mediaeval historical geography’, in A. Bausi, A. Gori, D. Nosnitsin, and E. Sokolinski, eds, Essays in Ethiopian Manuscript Studies: Proceedings of the International Conference Manuscripts and Texts, Languages and Contexts: the Transmission of Knowledge in the Horn of Africa, Hamburg, 17–19 July 2014, Supplement to Aethiopica, 4 (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2015), 109–118.page 109-118
-
Huntingford, G. W. B. 1989. The Historical Geography of Ethiopia: From the First Century ad to 1704, Ethiopic spellings revised by D. Appleyard, ed. R. Pankhurst, Fontes Historiae Africanae, Series Varia, 4 (Oxford–New York, NY: The Oxford University Press, 1989).page 76, 78, 80, 86-89, 91,95, 101, 106-108, 117, 121, 122, 128-30, 156, 168, 179, 240
-
Braukämper, U. 2002. Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia: Collected Essays, Göttinger Beiträge zur Ethnologie, 9 (Münster: LIT Verlag, 2002).page 24-29
Other
PhD Dissertation
For a table of all relations from and to this record, please go to the Relations view. In the Relations boxes on the right of this page, you can also find all available relations grouped by name.
More bibliography
Publication Statement
This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.
Encoding Description
Encoded according to the Beta maṣāḥǝft Guidelines. These Guidelines detail the TEI format ruled by the Beta maṣāḥǝft Schema. The present TEI file is enriched with an Xquery transformation taking advantage of the exist-db database instance where the data is stored and of the many external resources to which this data points to.
Definitions of prefixes used.
Select one of the keywords listed from the record to see related data
t:country | ኢትዮጵያ |
Use the tag BetMas:LOC3921Ifat in your public hypothes.is annotations which refer to this entity.
Suggested Citation of this record
To cite a precise version, please, click on load permalinks and to the desired version (see documentation on permalinks), then import the metadata or copy the below, with the correct link.
Alessandro Bausi, Solomon Gebreyes, Pietro Maria Liuzzo, Eugenia Sokolinski, ʻʾIfātʼ, in Alessandro Bausi, ed., Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft (Last Modified: 2.10.2017) https://betamasaheft.eu/places/LOC3921Ifat [Accessed: 2024-04-24+02:00]
Revisions of the data
- Solomon Gebreyes Solomon Gebreyes: addition to bibliography and content on 2.10.2017
- Solomon Gebreyes Solomon Gebreyes: addition to bibliography on 16.8.2017
- Solomon Gebreyes Solomon Gebreyes: Complete record on 8.8.2017
- Pietro Maria Liuzzo Pietro Maria Liuzzo: harmonized typology based on Eugenia indication in Issue 48. on 27.4.2016
- Pietro Maria Liuzzo Pietro Maria Liuzzo: Created file from google spreadsheet on 21.3.2016
- Eugenia Sokolinski Eugenia Sokolinski: CREATED: place on 9.2.2016
Attributions of the contents
Pietro Maria Liuzzo, contributor
Eugenia Sokolinski, contributor