✖Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
✖Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
Shelf marks (full list)Manuscripts (search)List of Digitized ManuscriptsCatalogues EncodedInscriptions
✖We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
Clavis Aethiopica (Works)Narrative UnitsStudies
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
✖While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
Index of decorationsArt KeywordsIlluminations
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
✖We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
PlacesRepositories
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
✖We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
Persons and groupsEthnic units
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
✖This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
BibliographyIndexesProjectsVisualizationsGǝʿǝz Morphological ParserOnline Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae
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There are 101 resources that contain the exact keyword: foundation
id title type
INS0159QQM ʿĀddi Qiyāḥto Qǝddǝst Māryām ins
INS0099DMA ʾAḥzarā Māryām ins
INS0327DHE Dabra Ḥayq ʾƎsṭifānos ins
INS0970Atkana ʾAtkanā Giyorgis ins
INS0954YohannesW Yoḥannǝs Walda Nagʷadgʷād ins
INS0221QDGM Qaqamā Dabra Gannat Qǝddǝst Māryām ins
INS0227MBAE Māy Baʿātti Dabra Gannat ʾArbāʿtu ʾƎnsǝsā ins
INS0129DMD Dǝblā Yoḥannǝs Maṭmǝq ins
INS0200HMM Ḥangodā Dabra Mǝḥrat Qǝddus Mikāʾel ins
INS0108GKM Maḵodʿa Dabra Gannat Kidāna Mǝḥrat ins
INS0171KY Koholo Yoḥannǝs Dabra Betel ins
INS0078ETH ʿƎmbayto Takla Hāymānot ins
INS0210SFM Sanqāṭā Fǝrewayni Māryām ins
INS0252SDMM Ṣāḥǝlo Dabra Ṣaḥāy Qǝddǝst Māryām ins
INS0244ADMY ʿĀddimḥārā Dabra Madḫanit ʾAbbā Yoḥanni ins
INS0219EMQ ʾƎndā Māryām Qorrār ins
INS0268BHM Bāḥǝrā Qǝddǝst Māryām ins
INS0237MKMG Makāʿǝlo Makāna Lǝʿul ins
INS0062MG Matiʿ Gabrǝʾel ins
INS0005Gund Gunda Gunde ins
INS0216MGM Mǝʾǝsār Gʷǝḥilā Qǝddus Mikāʾel ins
INS0518MotaGiorgis Moṭā Giyorgis ins
INS0277EMS ʾƎndāmosā Dabra Salām Mazgaba Śǝllāse ins
INS0223AMMG ʾĀlʿāsā Qǝddus Mikāʾel ins
INS0192QGM Manawat Qǝddus Giyorgis ins
INS0525Quaritch Bernard Quaritch Ltd ins
INS0110QDS Qiʿāt Dabra Ṣǝyon Qǝddǝst Māryām ins
INS0091AQM ʾAgarhǝse ʾAbuna Māmās ins
INS0331Mandab Mandābbā Madḫāne ʿĀlam ins
INS0603AMA Qač̣ane Madḫāne ʿĀlam ins
INS0049QSM Qarsabar Qǝddus Mikāʾel ins
INS0196WQ Walwālo Dabra Bǝrhān Qirqos ins
INS0144MHG Ḥarennat Gabazayti Qǝddǝst Māryām ins
INS0183QM Qǝtā Māryām ins
INS0133QMB Balasā Qǝddus Mikāʾel ins
INS0100DAY Dǝrbā Dabra ʾAbuna Yāsāy ins
INS0329DE Dāgā ʾƎsṭifānos ins
INS0330DDQ Dabra Ḍaḥay Qʷǝsqʷām ins
INS0266AFMM ʾĀf Mǝhyāw Qǝddǝst Māryām ins
INS0294TGM ʾĀmbā Tahulā Mikāʾel ins
INS0251MQMA Mǝngāś Qǝddǝst Māryām ins
INS0248RQG Rubāḵusā Qǝddus Giyorgis ins
INS0257MALM Malakusayto Qǝddǝst Māryām ins
INS0281GSQ Gʷāḥtarāt Qirqos ins
INS0264AADM ʿĀddi ʾĀrbāʾa Dabra Sǝbḥat Qǝddǝst Māryām ins
INS0107BMA ʿĀddigrāt Bet Māryā ins
INS0123MKL Laqāy Kidāna Mǝḥrat ins
INS0131DMB Baʿātti Qǝddus Mikāʾel ins
INS0194THMR Māy Rāzā Takla Haymānot ins
INS0186QDQ Qandāʿro Qǝddus Qirqos ins
INS0163BQM Māryām Māy ʾAbʾa ins
INS0141MM Māryām Makān ins
INS0148RQM Romānāt Qǝddus Mikāʾel ins
INS0054SMM Samāz Māryām ins
INS0050MSM Dabra Ṣǝyon Qǝddǝst Māryām Manabayti ins
INS0225AMS ʿĀrabāy Qǝddus Mikāʾel ins
INS0125GMS Siʿet Qǝddǝst Māryām ins
INS0177SDM Soṭā Dabra Salām Qǝddus Mikāʾel ins
INS0113NSM Nǝḥbi Qǝddus Mikāʾel ins
INS0165DSM Dabra Sāhl Qǝddus Mikāʾel Bet Maḵāʿ ins
INS0111SSB Bet Ḥāwāryāt ins
INS0198QS Qalāqǝl Māryām Ṣǝyon ins
INS0296MMGA Māy Gābā Mikāʾel ins
INS0115GMG Ganāḥti Qǝddǝst Māryām ins
INS0262DQG Dabri Dabra Zakāryās Qǝddus Giyorgis ins
INS0208BMQM Bet Muḵāʿ Mikāʾel ins
INS0004HMML Hill Museum and Manuscript Library ins
INS0030AP ʿĀddaqāḥarsi Ṗarāqliṭos ins
INS0065AMQ ʿĀddigrāt Dabra Mankǝrāt Qǝddus Qirqos ins
INS0007AM ʾAsir Matirā ins
INS0093AGM ʾAgamyo Qǝddus Mikāʾel ins
INS0039MY Dabra Māʿṣo Qǝddus Yoḥannǝs ins
INS0095ATH ʾArāʿro Takla Hāymānot ins
INS0042MR Mǝdra Rubā Sǝllase ins
INS0137KTM Kadiḥ Dabra Tawāḥǝdo Qǝddǝst Māryām ins
INS0127GNA Gabra Nāzrāwi ʾAgaznā ins
INS0121MAC Č̣ahāt Madḫāne ʿĀlam ins
INS0157DDM Danderā Dabra Mǝḥrat Mikāʾel ins
INS0174MAKM Māy ʾAnbasā Dabra Gannat Kidāna Mǝḥrat ins
INS0181SDSM Sawna Māryām ins
INS0105DD Dabra Dāmmo ʾAbuna ʾAragāwi ins
INS0082UMQ ʿUrā Masqal ins
INS00001BL British Library ins
INS0097AQG ʿĀddi Qolqʷāl Giyorgis ins
INS0069EM ʿƎč Māʿre Gabra Manfas Qǝddus ins
INS0064AMM ʿĀddigrāt Madḫāne ʿĀlam ins
INS0234KAE Kunāle ʾArbāʿtu ʾƎnsǝsā ins
INS0230TNY Tagogā Dabra Nāzret Qǝddus Yoḥannǝs ins
INS0272DAMA Darabā Madḫāne ʿĀlam ins
INS0161BGY Golʿa Dabra Bǝrhān Yoḥannǝs ins
INS0119MQM Dabra Maʿār Qǝddǝst Māryām ins
INS0236AGKM ʾAgulāʿ Getesemani Kidāna Mǝḥrat ins
INS0147MCM Māy Č̣aw Mikāʾel ins
INS0145MA ʾĀndel Qǝddǝst Māryām ins
LOC1670AzazoT ʾAzazo Takla Hāymānot place
LOC3577Gondar Gondar place
INS0428HamaraN ins
INS0989BDS Bāhǝr Dār Śǝllase ins
INS0994GondarDBS Dabra Bǝrhān Śǝllāse ins
INS0995GondarBLM Baʾatā Lamāryām ins
INS0997QMA Qač̣ane Madḫāne ʿĀlam ins