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ʾƎndartā, Māy ʾAnbasā Dabra Gannat Kidāna Mǝḥrat, MAKM-014

Magdalena Krzyzanowska (cataloguer), Denis Nosnitsin

This manuscript description is based on the catalogues listed in the catalogue bibliography

Work in Progress
https://betamasaheft.eu/ESmakm014
Māy ʾAnbasā Dabra Gannat Kidāna Mǝḥrat[view repository]

Collection: Ethio-SPaRe

General description

Tǝrgʷāme śǝna fǝṭratāt / Mār Yǝsḥaq / Filkǝsyos / Nagara ʾarʾǝstä ʾaʾǝmro

Number of Text units: 5

Number of Codicological units: 3

For a table of all relations from and to this record, please go to the Relations view. In the Relations boxes on the right of this page, you can also find all available relations grouped by name.

Origin

Original Location: Māy ʾAnbasā Dabra Gannat Kidāna Mǝḥrat

Second half of the 18th cent.

Provenance

The name of the original owner was erased and substituted by the name of Walda ʾIyasus (s. Additiones 1 and 2, and check the viewer179vc ).

Summary

I) Tǝrgʷāme śǝna fǝṭratāt “Commentary on the Beauty of Creations” (fols. 1r, 2v, 180vc) II) Text and interpretation of the Gospel of Luke 1, 1-4 (fols. 1va-2rc) III) Mār Yǝsḥaq, Book of Mar Isaac of Nineveh (fols. 3ra-104vb) IV) Filkǝsyos, Book of Philoxenus of Mabbogh (fols. 105ra-180ra) V) Nagara ʾarʾǝsta ʾaʾǝmro “Discourse of the Chapters of Knowledge” (fol. 180rb-vc) Additiones 1-2; colophon.
  1. ms_i1 (check the viewerFols. 1r, check the viewer2v, check the viewer180vc ), Tǝrgʷāme śǝna fǝṭrat “Commentary on the Beauty of Creation”
  2. ms_i2 (check the viewerFols 1va–2rc ), Text and interpretation of the Gospel of Luke 1, 1-4
  3. ms_i3 (check the viewerFols 3ra–104vb ), Maṣḥafa Mār Yǝṣhāq
  4. ms_i4 (check the viewerFols 105ra–180ra ), Filkǝsyos
  5. ms_i5 (check the viewerFols 180rb–180vc ), Nagara ʾarʾǝsta ʾaʾǝmro

Contents

Additions In this unit there are in total 1 , 1 .

  1. check the viewerf. 3r check the viewer11 check the viewer11 (Type: OwnershipNote)

    : Note concerning the owner of the book.

    ( gez ) check the viewer3r : እስመ፡ ውእቱ፡ ይቤ፡ ወልደ፡ ኢየሱስ

    ( en ) check the viewer3r : For this is what Walda ʾIyasus says.

    A red tamallas sign in indicates the place where the note written above column a, belongs. In the name of the original owner is defaced with black ink.
  2. check the viewerf. 104vb (Type: PurchaseNote)

    : Purchase note.

    ( gez ) check the viewer104vb : ዝመጽሐፍ፡ ዘመልአከ፡ ገነተ፡ ወልደ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ዘተሠየጦ፡ በንዋዩ። ዘሰረቆ ...

    ( en ) check the viewer104vb : This book is of malʾaka gannat Walda ʾIyasus who purchased it with his own money. The one who stole it…

    The name of the original owner has been erased.

Extras

  1. check the viewer5r

    - Corrections and commentaries written in the margins and interlineally, some of them of considerable length: , 5v, 8rbc, 8vb, 9va, 10va, 32va, 106rc, 115v, 116r, 119r, 124v, 130r, 131r, 132r, 134r, 139v, 140v, 147v, 154r.
  2. check the viewer181r

    - A few words written in ink, probably the beginning of a malkʾa or salām-hymn: .
  3. check the viewer182r

    - Writing exercises and a pen trial: .
  4. check the viewer1r

    Shelfmark C3-IV-47 in the margin

Physical Description

Form of support

Parchment Codex

Extent

Made of 182.0 (leaf) , Entered as 182.0 folios, of which (leaf, blank) .Entered as blank 182v, in 25.0 (quire) .Entered as 25.0 quires (A+23+B). 235 210 75
Outer dimensions
Height 235
Width 210
Depth 75

Foliation

Quire Structure Collation

Signatures: Decorated - Decorated quire marks are written in the left upper corner of the first fol. of the quire; for quire XIV in the right upper corner of the last fol. of the quire: 112v, 113r, 121r, 129r, 137r, 145r, 153r, 161r, 169r, 177r.

Position Number Leaves Quires Description
1 2 Fols 1r–2v A(2/fols. 1r-2v)
2 8 Fols 3r–10v I(8/fols. 3r-10v)
3 8 Fols 11r–18v II(8/fols. 11r-18v)
4 8 Fols 19r–26v III(8/fols. 19r-26v)
5 8 Fols 27r–34v IV(8/fols. 27r-34v)
6 8 Fols 35r–42v V(8/fols. 35r-42v)
7 8 Fols 43r–50v VI(8/fols. 43r-50v)
8 8 Fols 51r–58v VII(8/fols. 51r-58v)
9 8 Fols 59r–66v VIII(8/fols. 59r-66v)
10 8 Fols 67r–74v IX(8/fols. 67r-74v)
11 8 Fols 75r–82v X(8/fols. 75r-82v)
12 8 Fols 83r–90v XI(8/fols. 83r-90v)
13 8 Fols 91r–98v XII(8/fols. 91r-98v)
14 6 Fols 99r–104v XIII(6/fols. 99r-104v)
15 8 Fols 105r–112v XIV፩(8/fols.105r-112v)
16 8 Fols 113r–120v ፪XV(8/fols. 113r-120v)
17 8 Fols 121r–128v ፫XVI(8/fols. 121r-128v)
18 8 Fols 129r–136v ፬XVII(8/fols. 129r-136v)
19 8 Fols 137r–144v ፭XVIII(8/fols. 137r-144v)
20 8 Fols 145r–152v ፮XIX(8/fols. 145r-152v)
21 8 Fols 153r–160v ፯XX(8/fols. 153r-160v)
22 8 Fols 161r–168v ፰XXI(8/fols. 161r-168v)
23 8 Fols 169r–176v ፱XXII(8/fols. 169r-176v)
24 5 Fols 177r–181v ፲XXIII(5; s.l.: 5 stub after 4/fols. 177r-181v)
25 1 Fol. 182r B(1; s.l.: 1 stub after 1/fol. 182rv).

Collation diagrams


A(2/fols. 1r-2v)
Quire ID:q1
Collation diagram Quire 1 1 2 Unit #1

I(8/fols. 3r-10v)
Quire ID:q2
Collation diagram Quire 2 3 10 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

II(8/fols. 11r-18v)
Quire ID:q3
Collation diagram Quire 3 11 18 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

III(8/fols. 19r-26v)
Quire ID:q4
Collation diagram Quire 4 19 26 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

IV(8/fols. 27r-34v)
Quire ID:q5
Collation diagram Quire 5 27 34 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

V(8/fols. 35r-42v)
Quire ID:q6
Collation diagram Quire 6 35 42 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

VI(8/fols. 43r-50v)
Quire ID:q7
Collation diagram Quire 7 43 50 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

VII(8/fols. 51r-58v)
Quire ID:q8
Collation diagram Quire 8 51 58 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

VIII(8/fols. 59r-66v)
Quire ID:q9
Collation diagram Quire 9 59 66 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

IX(8/fols. 67r-74v)
Quire ID:q10
Collation diagram Quire 10 67 74 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

X(8/fols. 75r-82v)
Quire ID:q11
Collation diagram Quire 11 75 82 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

XI(8/fols. 83r-90v)
Quire ID:q12
Collation diagram Quire 12 83 90 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

XII(8/fols. 91r-98v)
Quire ID:q13
Collation diagram Quire 13 91 98 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

XIII(6/fols. 99r-104v)
Quire ID:q14
Collation diagram Quire 14 99 104 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3

XIV፩(8/fols.105r-112v)
Quire ID:q15
Collation diagram Quire 15 105 112 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፪XV(8/fols. 113r-120v)
Quire ID:q16
Collation diagram Quire 16 113 120 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፫XVI(8/fols. 121r-128v)
Quire ID:q17
Collation diagram Quire 17 121 128 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፬XVII(8/fols. 129r-136v)
Quire ID:q18
Collation diagram Quire 18 129 136 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፭XVIII(8/fols. 137r-144v)
Quire ID:q19
Collation diagram Quire 19 137 144 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፮XIX(8/fols. 145r-152v)
Quire ID:q20
Collation diagram Quire 20 145 152 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፯XX(8/fols. 153r-160v)
Quire ID:q21
Collation diagram Quire 21 153 160 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፰XXI(8/fols. 161r-168v)
Quire ID:q22
Collation diagram Quire 22 161 168 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፱XXII(8/fols. 169r-176v)
Quire ID:q23
Collation diagram Quire 23 169 176 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፲XXIII(5; s.l.: 5 stub after 4/fols. 177r-181v)
Quire ID:q24
Collation diagram Quire 24 177 181 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3

B(1; s.l.: 1 stub after 1/fol. 182rv).
Quire ID:q25
Collation diagram Quire 25 182 Unit #1

Ethio-SPaRe formula : I(2/Fols 1r–2v) – II(8/Fols 3r–10v) – III(8/Fols 11r–18v) – IV(8/Fols 19r–26v) – V(8/Fols 27r–34v) – VI(8/Fols 35r–42v) – VII(8/Fols 43r–50v) – VIII(8/Fols 51r–58v) – IX(8/Fols 59r–66v) – X(8/Fols 67r–74v) – XI(8/Fols 75r–82v) – XII(8/Fols 83r–90v) – XIII(8/Fols 91r–98v) – XIV(6/Fols 99r–104v) – XV(8/Fols 105r–112v) – XVI(8/Fols 113r–120v) – XVII(8/Fols 121r–128v) – XVIII(8/Fols 129r–136v) – XIX(8/Fols 137r–144v) – XX(8/Fols 145r–152v) – XXI(8/Fols 153r–160v) – XXII(8/Fols 161r–168v) – XXIII(8/Fols 169r–176v) – XXIV(4+1/s.l. 5 stub after 4/Fols 177r–181v) – XXV(0+1/s.l. 1 stub after 1/Fol. 182r) –

Formula: Fols 1r–2v A(2/fols. 1r-2v) ; Fols 3r–10v I(8/fols. 3r-10v) ; Fols 11r–18v II(8/fols. 11r-18v) ; Fols 19r–26v III(8/fols. 19r-26v) ; Fols 27r–34v IV(8/fols. 27r-34v) ; Fols 35r–42v V(8/fols. 35r-42v) ; Fols 43r–50v VI(8/fols. 43r-50v) ; Fols 51r–58v VII(8/fols. 51r-58v) ; Fols 59r–66v VIII(8/fols. 59r-66v) ; Fols 67r–74v IX(8/fols. 67r-74v) ; Fols 75r–82v X(8/fols. 75r-82v) ; Fols 83r–90v XI(8/fols. 83r-90v) ; Fols 91r–98v XII(8/fols. 91r-98v) ; Fols 99r–104v XIII(6/fols. 99r-104v) ; Fols 105r–112v XIV፩(8/fols.105r-112v) ; Fols 113r–120v ፪XV(8/fols. 113r-120v) ; Fols 121r–128v ፫XVI(8/fols. 121r-128v) ; Fols 129r–136v ፬XVII(8/fols. 129r-136v) ; Fols 137r–144v ፭XVIII(8/fols. 137r-144v) ; Fols 145r–152v ፮XIX(8/fols. 145r-152v) ; Fols 153r–160v ፯XX(8/fols. 153r-160v) ; Fols 161r–168v ፰XXI(8/fols. 161r-168v) ; Fols 169r–176v ፱XXII(8/fols. 169r-176v) ; Fols 177r–181v ፲XXIII(5; s.l.: 5 stub after 4/fols. 177r-181v) ; Fol. 182r B(1; s.l.: 1 stub after 1/fol. 182rv).;

Formula 1: 1 (2), 2 (8), 3 (8), 4 (8), 5 (8), 6 (8), 7 (8), 8 (8), 9 (8), 10 (8), 11 (8), 12 (8), 13 (8), 14 (6), 15 (8), 16 (8), 17 (8), 18 (8), 19 (8), 20 (8), 21 (8), 22 (8), 23 (8), 24 (5), 25 (),

Formula 2: 1 (2), 2 (8), 3 (8), 4 (8), 5 (8), 6 (8), 7 (8), 8 (8), 9 (8), 10 (8), 11 (8), 12 (8), 13 (8), 14 (6), 15 (8), 16 (8), 17 (8), 18 (8), 19 (8), 20 (8), 21 (8), 22 (8), 23 (8), 24 (5), 25 (),

State of preservation

good

Condition

The leather spine cover is torn along the long right edge of the front board (the back folds of three quires are visible) and slightly along the upper part of the left edge of the back board.

Binding

Two wooden boards covered with brown tooled leather. Two pairs of sewing stations.

Two pairs of chains of endband stitches at the spine cover.

Sewing Stations

4

Binding material

wood

leather

Original binding

Yes

Layout

Layout note 1

Number of columns: 3

Number of lines: 27

H 160mm
W 185mm
Intercolumn mm
Margins
top 25
bottom 48
right 16
left 10
intercolumn
All data is for check the viewer4r .

Ms ʾƎndartā, Māy ʾAnbasā Dabra Gannat Kidāna Mǝḥrat, MAKM-014 main part

has a sum of layout width of 211mm which is greater than the object height of 210mm

Layout note 1

Ruling
  • (Subtype: pattern) Ruling pattern: 1A-1A-1A1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/C.
  • The upper line is written above the ruling.
  • The bottom line is written above the ruling.
Pricking
  • Pricking and ruling are visible.
  • Primary pricks are visible.
  • Ruling pricks are visible.

Codicological Unit p1

Summary of codicological unit 1

  1. ms_i1 (check the viewerFols. 1r, check the viewer2v, check the viewer180vc ), Tǝrgʷāme śǝna fǝṭrat “Commentary on the Beauty of Creation”
  2. ms_i2 (check the viewerFols 1va–2rc ), Text and interpretation of the Gospel of Luke 1, 1-4

Contents


check the viewerFols 1va–2rc Text and interpretation of the Gospel of Luke 1, 1-4 (CAe 3192) - Text is written mainly in Gǝʿǝz. From check the viewer1vb some Amharic words and phrases are interpolated.

Palaeography of codicological unit 1

  • Hand 3

    of codicological unit 1

    Script: Ethiopic

    Hand c: mediocre. uneven, somewhat irregular

    check the viewer1ra-1c
  • Hand 4

    of codicological unit 1

    Script: Ethiopic

    Hand d: mediocre. uneven, somewhat irregular, letters with big loops.

    check the viewerFols 2va–2c, check the viewerFol. 180vc
  • Hand 5

    of codicological unit 1

    Script: Ethiopic

    Hand e: fine.

    check the viewerFols 1va–2rc )
  • Hand 6

    of codicological unit 1

    Script: Ethiopic

    Hand f: crude angular letters.

    check the viewerFols 180rb–180vc

  • Codicological Unit p2

    Summary of codicological unit 2

    1. ms_i3 (check the viewerFols 3ra–104vb ), Maṣḥafa Mār Yǝṣhāq
    2. ms_i4 (check the viewerFols 105ra–180ra ), Filkǝsyos

    Contents


    check the viewerFols 3ra–104vb Maṣḥafa Mār Yǝṣhāq (CAe 1948) - Text is divided into 34 paragraphs (አንቀጽ) (check the viewer11vb , 21ra, 28va, 38vc, 39vc, 45vb, 48rc, 50ra, 51ra, 53vc, 56va, 58va, 59vc, 62va, 65vb, 66va, 67ra, 68rc, 73va, 75vb, 79va, 81rb, 81vab, 83ra, 84vb, 90rb, 91ra, 91vb, 92vc, 97vb,100vc) counted by means of numbers (፳, ፴ወ፪) or numerals (ቀዳማዊ, ራብዕ), 2 discourses (ነገር) (check the viewer41ra b, 42vb), 32 chapters (ምዕራፍ) (4vb, 5va, 5vc, 6vc, 7rab, 10rab, 10vb, 12rb, 12vc, 13rbc, 13vb, 15rc, 15vb, 17vb, 19ra, 20rb, 20va, 21vc, 22rc, 24ra, 51va, 52vb, 73vc, 78rb, 95rb, 96vb, 98va, 99ra, 99vc), 24 questions (ሐተታ) and answers (ተሰጥዎ) (check the viewer28vb-38va ), prayers (ጸሎት) (check the viewer62vc , 67vb, 81ra) and the ending (check the viewer102ra ).

    check the viewerFols 105ra–180ra Filkǝsyos (CAe 1399) - Text is composed of 278 questions (introduced by yǝbelu ʾaḫaw, "the brethren said") and answers (beginning with yǝbe matargʷǝm, "the interpreter said") that are numbered with the Ethiopic numbers (till check the viewer173ra ) and 13 additional unnumbered questions towards the end. The questions are likely to be miscounted.

    Colophon

    check the viewerFols. 179vb, check the viewer179vc

    መልአ፡ ዘሕፁር፡ እመጽሐፈ፡ ትርጓሜ፡ ገነት፡ ዘተጽሕፈ፡ እስከ፡ ተፍጻሜተ፡ መጽሐፍ፨ አኅጸረ፡ ውእቱ። ጽሕፈተ፡ ዘፅንስት፡ ጥቀ፡ አውጽኦታ፨ ዘአልቦቱ፡ ልማድ፡ ዘለዝላፉ፡ ለተናብቦ፡ በልሳነ፡ ዓረባዊት፡ እም፡ ልሳነ፡ ሶርያዊት፡ ኀበ፡ ዓረቢ፨ ወኮነ፡ ፍጻሜ፡ እምኔሁ፡ በወርኃ፡ ሰኔ፡ በዓመተ፡ ፲፻፳ወ፩ እም፡ ዓመተ፡ ሰማእታት፡ ንጹሐን፤ ትብልናሆሙ፡ ይዕቀበነ፡ አሜን፨ ወማኅሌት፡ ለእግዚአብሔር፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን፨ ወአሜን ወተጋድሎትበአምጣነ ተክህሎ፤ ወማኅሌት ለእግዚአብሔር፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን፨ ወአሜን፨ አስተሐመመ፡ አእልዎቶ፡ ለግዕዝ፡ ጽሒቆ፤ አቡነ። ሊቀ፡ ጳጳሳት፡ ዘአዜብ፡ አባ፡ ሰላማ፡ ዘእግዚእ፡ ሶቆ፤ 

    This is the primary colophon of the literary work, the Filkǝsyos (The Book of Philoxenus of Mabbogh), not that of the manuscript witness. According to the colophon, the Filkǝsyos was translated in 1021 of the Era of the Martyrs, that is, 1304-05 A.D. It ascribes the translation of the work to the metropolitan ʾabuna Salāma II “the Translator”. suggests that because Salāma was the metropolitan in the years 1348-1386, the sign for 20 (፳) should be substituted by the sign for 80 (፹).

    Palaeography of codicological unit 2

  • Hand 1

    of codicological unit 2

    Scribe: Kǝnfa Gabrǝʾel scribe

    Script: Ethiopic

    Hand a: fine, careful.

    Ink: Black, red.

    Rubrication: Nomina sacra; 1st, 3rd, 5th, 6th, 14th, 15th, 23rd and 24th line on the incipit page of Text III; incipits of the paragraphs, discourses and solutions (two lines); words mǝʾǝrāf, tasaṭǝwo, ḥatatā and ṣalot in Text III; Ethiopic numerals in Text III (fols. 28va-30vb); the names of the owner and the scribe (fol. 3r).

    Date: Second half of the 18th century.

    check the viewer3ra-104vb Kǝnfa Gabrǝʾel scribe (check the viewer180ra ) Second half of the 18th century.
  • Hand 2

    of codicological unit 2

    Script: Ethiopic

    Hand b: very fine, careful

    Rubrication: 1st, 3rd, 5th and 6th line on the incipit page of Text IV; words yǝbelu ʾaḫaw and yǝbe matargʷǝm in Text IV, Ethiopic numerals preceding yǝbelu ʾaḫaw; elements of Ethiopic numerals and the punctuation marks.

    check the viewer105ra-180ra

  • Codicological Unit p3

    Contents


    check the viewerFols 180rb–180vc Nagara ʾarʾǝsta ʾaʾǝmro (CAe 5627) - Text V is called Nagara ʾarʾǝsta ʾaʾǝmro “Discourse of the chapters of knowledge” which evokes the title of another section of the ʾAragāwi Manfasawi (Dǝrsān baʾǝnta ʾarʾǝstä ʾaʾǝmro “Discourse on the Chapters of Knowledge”, MAKM-012, 164vb-178ra). The body of the Text is, however, the same as the one found in some Mss. of the ʾAragāwi Manfasawi, namely, BerPrKult Ṭānāsee 39 – Kebrān 39 (17th cent.), fols. 165ra-165rb: “’Aragāwī Manfasāwi” [= Senex spiritualis] (HamTana I 176-178, n 39, esp. 178), in Ms. MAKM-012, 181ra-182ra and in MAKM-091, 149va-150rb.

    Publication Statement

    authority
    Hiob-Ludolf-Zentrum für Äthiopistik
    pubPlace
    Hamburg
    publisher
    Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft
    availability

    This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.

    date
    2016-06-07T17:43:26.911+02:00
    date
    type=expanded
    2022-01-05T13:36:28.446+01:00
    date
    type=lastModified
    10.4.2019
    idno
    type=collection
    manuscripts
    idno
    type=url
    https://betamasaheft.eu/manuscripts/ESmakm014
    idno
    type=URI
    https://betamasaheft.eu/ESmakm014
    idno
    type=filename
    ESmakm014.xml
    idno
    type=ID
    ESmakm014

    Encoding Description

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    Encoded according to the Beta maṣāḥǝft Guidelines. These Guidelines detail the TEI format ruled by the Beta maṣāḥǝft Schema. The present TEI file is enriched with an Xquery transformation taking advantage of the exist-db database instance where the data is stored and of the many external resources to which this data points to.

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    Magdalena Krzyzanowska, Denis Nosnitsin, Alessandro Bausi, Pietro Maria Liuzzo, Eugenia Sokolinski, ʻʾƎndartā, Māy ʾAnbasā Dabra Gannat Kidāna Mǝḥrat, MAKM-014ʼ, in Alessandro Bausi, ed., Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft (Last Modified: 10.4.2019) https://betamasaheft.eu/manuscripts/ESmakm014 [Accessed: 2024-04-20+02:00]

    Revisions of the data

    • Eugenia Sokolinski Eugenia Sokolinski: adjusted, split msitems and msparts on 10.4.2019
    • Pietro Maria Liuzzo Pietro Maria Liuzzo: transformed from mycore to TEI P5 on 10.5.2016
    • Magdalena Krzyzanowska Magdalena Krzyzanowska: last edited in Ethio-SPaRe on 10.9.2014
    • Magdalena Krzyzanowska Magdalena Krzyzanowska: catalogued in Ethio-SPaRe on 6.2.2012
    • Denis Nosnitsin: Ethio-SPaRe team photographed the manuscript on 28.5.2011

    Attributions of the contents

    Pietro Maria Liuzzo, contributor

    Eugenia Sokolinski, contributor

    This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.