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ImagesManuscript images in the Mirador viewer via IIIF

Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Marwick Codex 13

Jonah Sandford, Ralph Lee, Ashlee Benson

EMIP

Work in Progress
https://betamasaheft.eu/EMIP00017
Marwick[view repository]

Collection: EMIP

General description

Marwick Codex 13

Number of Text units: 23

Number of Codicological units: 1

For a table of all relations from and to this record, please go to the Relations view. In the Relations boxes on the right of this page, you can also find all available relations grouped by name.

Origin

twentieth century

Summary

Collection of Prayers, mostly rhyming hymns
  1. ms_i1 (Fols 1r–82r

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    ),
    1. ms_i1.1 (Fols 1r–17v

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      ), Booklet of prayer that came down from heaven for a nobleman in the land of the Afrǝgi
      1. ms_i1.1.1 (Fols 1r–9v

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        ), ʿƎqabanni (shorter version)
      2. ms_i1.1.2 (Fols 9v–14v

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        ), Litany to Mary
      3. ms_i1.1.3 (Fols 14v–16r

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        ), Concluding prayer to Jesus Christ
      4. ms_i1.1.4 (Fols 16r–17v

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        ), History of the book and the benefit of praying with it
    2. ms_i1.2 (Fols 17v–23r

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      ), ʿƎqabanni (shorter version)
    3. ms_i1.3 (Fols 23r–26v

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      ), Malkǝʾ-hymn to Our Lady Mary
    4. ms_i1.4 (Fols 26v–32r

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      ), ʾAkko-nu bǝʾsi
    5. ms_i1.5 (Fols 32r–35v

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      ), Hymn to Mary “Rejoice Mary, the Pasch of Adam,” Possibly (but it is not the same as , item 1.3 above)
    6. ms_i1.6 (Fols 35v–38v

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      ), Malkǝʾa fǝlsatā
    7. ms_i1.7 (Fols 38v–40v

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      ), Hymns to the Church
      1. ms_i1.7.1 (Fols 38v–40r

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        ), Hymn to Our Lady Mary
      2. ms_i1.7.2 (Fols 40r–40v

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        ), Greeting to the Church,
      3. ms_i1.8 (Fols 40v–44r

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        ),
        1. ms_i1.8.1 (Fols 40v–43r

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          ), Malkǝʾa sanbat
        2. ms_i1.8.2 (Fols 43r–44r

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          ), Greeting to the Christian Sabbath,
      4. ms_i1.9 (Fols 44r–49r

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        ), Halleluiatic hymn to Mary, concluded with a hymn to Christ, “My heart overflows with goodly themes,”
      5. ms_i1.10 (Fols 49r–59r

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        ), Greeting to the suffering of Jesus Christ,
      6. ms_i1.11 (Fols 59r–65v

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        ),
      7. ms_i1.12 (Fols 65v–71v

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        ), Malkǝʾa masqal
      8. ms_i1.13 (Fols 71v–73v

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        ), Ba-samāy wa-ba-mǝdr ʾalbǝya bāʿd
      9. ms_i1.14 (Fols 74v–82r

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        ), Malkǝʾa śǝqāyu la-Giyorgis

Contents


Fols 1r–82r

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Language of text:


Fols 1r–17v

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Booklet of prayer that came down from heaven for a nobleman in the land of the Afrǝgi Cf. Abbadie 70, Conti Rossini, Notice, no. 111; EMML 1169, f. 143a

Fols 1r–9v

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ʿƎqabanni (shorter version) (CAe 1356)

Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): በስመ፡ አብ፡ ወወልድ፡ ወመንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ፩አምላክ። ነዓ፡ ኅቤየ፡ ኦእግዚእየ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ወልደ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ሕያው፡ ወልደ፡ ማርያም፡ ሥግው፡ ከመ፡ ትዕቀበኒ፡ እምኵሉ፡ እኩይ፡ ለገብርከ፡ ሣህለ፡ ሥላሴ፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን። ኦእግዚእየ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ዕቀበኒ፡ ለገብርከ፡ ሣህለ፡ ሥላሴ፡ በእንተ፡ ዘኃደርከ፡ በከርሠ፡ ማርያም፡ ድንግል፡. . . . .ommission by አሜን፡ ድግም፡ አቡነ፡ ዘበወማያት፡ ወሰላመ፡ ገብርኤል፡ ፫ተ፡ ጊዜ።


Fols 9v–14v

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Litany to Mary (CAe 6161)

Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ):ተማኅፀንኩ፡ እግዝእትየ፡ ማርያም፡ ምልዕተ፡ ጸጋ፡ ንግሥተ፡ ነገሥታት፡. . . . .ommission by


Fols 14v–16r

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Concluding prayer to Jesus Christ

Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): ኦእግዚእየ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ዘትሁብ፡ ለኵሉ፡ ዘሰአለከ፡ መፍቅደ፡ ሕሊናሁ፡. . . . .ommission by


Fols 16r–17v

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History of the book and the benefit of praying with it

Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): ለዛቲ፡ መጽሐፍ፡ ከመዝ፡ ምጽአታ፡ እስመ፡ ነበረ፡ ፩፡ መኰንን፡ በሀገረ፡ አፍርንጊ፡ ወቦዐ፡ ውስተ፡ ጾማዕት፡ ከመ፡ ያሥምሮ፡ ለእግዚአብሔር፡. . . . .ommission by


Fols 17v–23r

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ʿƎqabanni (shorter version) (CAe 1356) Cf. Abbadie 104, f. 85r, Conti Rossini, Notice, no. 104

Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): በስመ፡ አብ፡ ወወልድ፡ ወመንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ፩አምላክ፡ ኦእግዝእትየ፡ ማርያም፡ እስመ፡ ክብርት፡ አንቲ፡ እምኵሉ፡ ፍጡር፡ በሰማይ፡ ወበምድር፡ አልቦ፡ ዘይከብር፡ እምኔኪ፡ እምታሕተ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ኦእግዝእትየ፡ ማርያም፡ ዕቀብኒ፡ ለገብርኪ፡ ሣህለ፡ ሥላሴ። ኦእግዝእትየ፡ ማርያም፡ እሙ፡ ለፈጣሪ፡ ኀበ፡ ሖርኩ፡ ሑሪ፡ ወኀበ፡ ኃደርኩ፡ ኅድሪ፡. . . . .ommission by


Fols 23r–26v

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Malkǝʾ-hymn to Our Lady Mary (CAe 2940)

Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): ሰላም፡ ሰላም፡ ለዝክረ፡ ስምኪ፡ በአምኃ። ሠርከ፡ ወነግሀ። ማርያም፡ ደብተራ፡ ለኤዶም፡ በከተማሃ።. . . . .ommission by


Fols 26v–32r

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ʾAkko-nu bǝʾsi (CAe 4274) Composed to conclude each of the original thirty two miracles of Mary. Chaîne, Répertoire, no, 327; Grohmann, Marienhymnen, pp. 322–82

Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): አኮኑ፡ ብእሲ፡ ሶበ፡ ሐኒፀ፡ ቤት፡ አፍርዎ። ኵሎ፡ ጻጻዖ፡ ያቀድም፡ ያስተዳልዎ።


Fols 32r–35v

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Hymn to Mary “Rejoice Mary, the Pasch of Adam,” ተፈሥሒ፡ ማርያም፡ ለአዳም፡ ፋኪካሁ፡ Possibly Malkǝʾa ʾEdom (CAe 3022) (but it is not the same as check the viewerfol. ms_i1.3 , item 1.3 above)

Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): ተፈሥሒ፡ ማርያም፡ ለአዳም፡ ፋኪካሁ። ወማዕዲታ፡ ለሔዋን፡ እንተ፡ ይእቲ፡ አጽመ፡ ገቦሁ።. . . . .ommission by


Fols 35v–38v

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Malkǝʾa fǝlsatā (CAe 2932)

Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): ሰላም፡ ለፍልሰተ፡ ሥጋኪ፡ ምስለ፡ በፍስኪ፡ ኢመዋቲ። በተሰናዕዎ፡ አሐቲ፡ ድንግል፡ በ፪ኤ፡ ማርያም፡ ወለተ፡ ማቲ።


Fols 38v–40v

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Hymns to the Church

Fols 38v–40r

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Hymn to Our Lady Mary (CAe 3117) Probably also Chaîne no. 179

Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): ኃይልኪ፡ ተዓውቀ፡ ወበርኅበ፡ ዓለም፡ ሰፈነ። እንተ፡ ላዕለ፡ ሕይወት፡ ወሞት፡ ሶበ፡ አድምዐ፡ ሥልጣነ። ቢተ፡ ክርስቲያን፡ ቅድስት፡ ተራድእኒ፡ ፍጡነ።. . . . .ommission by


Fols 40r–40v

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Greeting to the Church, ሰላም፡ ለኪ፡ በኢተ፡ ክርስቲያን፡ ሎዛ፡ EMML 1494, f. 1a

Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): ሰላም፡ ለኪ፡ በኢተ፡ ክርስቲያን፡ ሎዛ። ቤተ፡ ያዕቆብ፡ ወሬዛ። አመ፡ ሞተ፡ ብኪ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ቤዛ።


Fols 40v–44r

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Fols 40v–43r

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Malkǝʾa sanbat (CAe 2889) MG 59, pp. 643ff.; EMML 1494, f. 2a

Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): ሰላም፡ ሰላም፡ ለዝክረ፡ ስምኪ፡ እምፀዳለ፡ ምሥራቅ፡ ወምዕራብ፡ ሰሜን፡ ወደቡብ። ሰንበተ፡ ክርስቲያን፡ ቅድስት፡ መርዓተ፡ በግዑ፡ ለአብ።


Fols 43r–44r

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Greeting to the Christian Sabbath, ሰላም፡ ለኪ፡ ዕለተ፡ ሰንበት፡

Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): ሰላም፡ ለኪ፡ ዕለተ፡ ብርሃን፡ ሰንበት። ወሠርቀ፡ ዓለማት፡ ጥንጥ።


Fols 44r–49r

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Halleluiatic hymn to Mary, concluded with a hymn to Christ, “My heart overflows with goodly themes,” ጐሥዓ፡ ልብየ፡ ቃለ፡ ሠናየ፡

Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): ጐሥዓ፡ ልብየ፡ ቃለ፡ ሠናየ፡ ጐሥዓ፡ ቃለ፡ ሠናየ፡ ጐሥዓ፡ ልብየ፡ ቃለ፡ ሠናየ። ሃሌ፡ ሉያ፡ ሃሌ፡ ሉያ፡ ሃሌ፡ ሉያ። ሰማይ፡ ወምድር፡ ዘኢያገምሮ፡ መካን። በከርሥኪ፡ ተፀውረ፡ በአማን።, ሃሌ፡ ሉያ፡ ሃሌ፡ ሉያ፡ ሃሌ፡ ሉያ: ወጣኔ፡ ትሕትና፡ ክርስቶስ፡ እግረ፡ አርዳኢሁ፡ ሐጸበ።


Fols 49r–59r

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Greeting to the suffering of Jesus Christ, ሰላም፡ ለሕማምከ፡ The second part seems to be Malkǝʾa ḥǝmāmāta masqal [now LIT2741RepCh25, formerly also listed as LIT2742RepCh26, which was requested here but has been deleted on ] (CAe 2742)

Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): ሰላም፡ ለሕማምከ፡ ቤተ፡ [አይሁድ፡] ዘአንደደ። ወረሰዮሙ፡ ሐመደ። ማርያምሃ፡ እለ፡ ወጠኑ፡ ካህደ።, ሰላም፡ ለስእርተ፡ ርእስከ፡. . . . .ommission by ሰላም፡ ለላሕየ፡ ገጽከ፡, መድኃኔ፡ ዓለም፡ ነዓ፡ በዲበ፡ ብድብድ፡ ሀበነ፡ መዊዐ።


Fols 59r–65v

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No item: LIT6956MalkeaMadAlam (CAe 6956)

Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): እሰግድ፡ ለፅንሰትከ፡ ወለልደትከ፡ መድምም። እምድንጋሌ፡ ሥጋ፡ ኅቱም። ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ መድኃኔ፡ ዓለምልል. . . . .ommission by , ለዝክረ፡ ስምከ፡. . . . .ommission by ለሥእርተ፡ ርእስከ፡. . . . .ommission by ለርእስከ፡. . . . .ommission by , ስብሐት፡ ለከ፡ አምላኪየ፡ በኈልቈ፡ ሰብእ፡ ወመላእክት፡. . . . .ommission by


Fols 65v–71v

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Malkǝʾa masqal (CAe 2842)

Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): ሰላም፡ ለዝክረ፡ ስምከ፡ በመጽሔተ፡ መስቀል፡ ዘተለክዓ። ወለስእርትከ፡ ጸሊም፡ ዘደመ፡ ተኰርዖ፡ ተቀብዐ።


Fols 71v–73v

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Ba-samāy wa-ba-mǝdr ʾalbǝya bāʿd (CAe 2967)

Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): በሰምይ፡ ወበምድር፡ አልብየ፡ ባዕድ። አበ፡ ወእመ፡ እኅተ፡ ወወልደ።


Fols 74v–82r

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Malkǝʾa śǝqāyu la-Giyorgis (CAe 2722)

Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): በስመ፡ አብ፡. . . . .ommission by መልክአ፡ ሥቃይ፡ [ሥ]ለ። መጽሔተ፡ ሥጋከ፡ አርአየ። እምአመ፡ ትቤ፡ ለ[..]ከ፡ እስከ፡ ፈጸምከ፡ ሥቃየ።

Additions In this unit there are in total 3 s, 1 , 1 .

  1. Fols. ir(ecto), iv(erso), iir(ecto) (Type: GuestText)

    Malkǝʾ-hymn to St George (CAe 2927)

  2. Fol. iiir(ecto)

    Good wishes for the teacher by the student, one of the traditional formulae. የመምሬን፡ ጠላት፡ አንጠልጥሎ፡ ወደ፡ ጉድፍ። ጥሩ፡ ጥሩውን፡ ለመምሬ፡ አተላ፡ አትላውን፡ ለገብሬ።

  3. Fols. 82v, 83r, 83v, 84r (Type: GuestText)

    Fǝtḥat za-wald (CAe 1398)

  4. Fols. 84r, 84v

    Saʾalnāka maḥari saʾalnāka faṭāri saʾalnāka kahali (CAe 6205) incomplete at the beginning. MD 59, pp. 634ff.

  5. Fols. 84v, 85r (Type: GuestText)

    First Epistle of John, Chp1:1-7 (CAe atch Chp1foundforLIT3509Epistle#Chp1:1-7)

  6. Fols. 73v, 82r, 84v

    Prayer for ወልደ፡ ሚካኤል፡, ወልደ፡ ዮሐንስል፡, and ገብረ፡ እግዚብሔር፡

  7. Fol. 85r (Type: OwnershipNote)

    Note of ownership by መምሬ፡ ወልደ፡ ማርያም፡

  8. f. 1r and passim (Type: ScribalNoteCommissioning)

    Copied beautifully for ሣህለ፡ ሥላሴ፡

Extras

  1. Fols. iiv(erso), iiir(ecto)

    The letters of the Amharic alphabet, each with its numerical value

  2. Fol. 85v

    The beginning of writing a Gǝ‘ǝz text.

  3. Fol. 76v

    Overlooked words of text are written interlinearly

  4. Fol. iiv(erso)

    blank

Decoration In this unit there are in total 1 .

Frame notes

  1. frame: Decorative designs: fols. 1r, 17v, 23r, 26v, 32r, 35v, 38v, 40v, 44r, 49r, 59r, 65v, 71v (ሐረግ፡ using multiple colors); 17v, 23r, 35v, 40r, 44r (line of stops and/or stops connected by lines).

Physical Description

Form of support

Parchment Codex

Extent

+NaN (leaf) .Entered as iii + 85 +NaN (quire) .Entered as Protection quire + 9 207 143 48
Outer dimensions
Height 207mm
Width 143mm
Depth 48mm

Quire Structure Collation

Signatures: Quires 2-8 numbered

Quire descriptions: quires 1–9 balanced. A folio stub is visible between fols. ii, iii. Quires 8 and 9 have been sewn together with green string using a stab stitch. A folio stub is visible between fols. 72, 73.
Position Number Leaves Quires Description
1 a 3 Fols i–iii A folio stub is visible between fols. ii, iii. Protection Quire: 2, stub after 2
2 1 10 Fols 1–10 Quire 1
3 2 10 Fols 11–20 Quire 2
4 3 10 Fols 21–30 Quire 3
5 4 10 Fols 31–40 Quire 4
6 5 10 Fols 41–50 Quire 5
7 6 10 Fols 51–60 Quire 6
8 7 10 Fols 61–70 Quire 7
9 8 9 Fols 71–79 Quires 8 and 9 have been sewn together with green string using a stab stitch. A folio stub is visible between fols. 72, 73. Quire 8: 7, stub after 2
10 9 6 Fols 80–85 Quire 9

Collation diagrams


Protection Quire: 2, stub after 2
Quire ID:q1, number:a
Notes: 1) A folio stub is visible between fols. ii, iii.
Collation diagram Quire 1 1 3 Unit #1 Unit #2

Quire 1
Quire ID:q2, number:1
Collation diagram Quire 2 4 13 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

Quire 2
Quire ID:q3, number:2
Collation diagram Quire 3 14 23 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

Quire 3
Quire ID:q4, number:3
Collation diagram Quire 4 24 33 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

Quire 4
Quire ID:q5, number:4
Collation diagram Quire 5 34 43 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

Quire 5
Quire ID:q6, number:5
Collation diagram Quire 6 44 53 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

Quire 6
Quire ID:q7, number:6
Collation diagram Quire 7 54 63 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

Quire 7
Quire ID:q8, number:7
Collation diagram Quire 8 64 73 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

Quire 8: 7, stub after 2
Quire ID:q9, number:8
Notes: 1) Quires 8 and 9 have been sewn together with green string using a stab stitch. A folio stub is visible between fols. 72, 73.
Collation diagram Quire 9 74 82 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

Quire 9
Quire ID:q10, number:9
Collation diagram Quire 10 83 88 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3

Ethio-SPaRe formula : a(2+1/s.l. 2, stub after 2/Fols i–iii) – I(10/Fols 1–10) – II(10/Fols 11–20) – III(10/Fols 21–30) – IV(10/Fols 31–40) – V(10/Fols 41–50) – VI(10/Fols 51–60) – VII(10/Fols 61–70) – VIII(8+1/s.l. 7, stub after 2/Fols 71–79) – IX(6/Fols 80–85) –

Formula: Fols i–iii Protection Quire: 2, stub after 2 ; Fols 1–10 Quire 1 ; Fols 11–20 Quire 2 ; Fols 21–30 Quire 3 ; Fols 31–40 Quire 4 ; Fols 41–50 Quire 5 ; Fols 51–60 Quire 6 ; Fols 61–70 Quire 7 ; Fols 71–79 Quire 8: 7, stub after 2 ; Fols 80–85 Quire 9 ;

Formula 1: 1 (3), 2 (10), 3 (10), 4 (10), 5 (10), 6 (10), 7 (10), 8 (10), 9 (9), 10 (6),

Formula 2: 1 (3), 2 (10), 3 (10), 4 (10), 5 (10), 6 (10), 7 (10), 8 (10), 9 (9), 10 (6),

Binding

Four Coptic repaired chain stitches attached with bridle attachments to rough-hewn boards (front board not square, back repaired).

Binding material

wood

Original binding

No

Layout

Layout note 1

H
W
Margins
top 21mm
bottom 40-42mm
right 25mm
left 10mm

Ms Portland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Marwick Codex 13 main part

looks ok for measures computed width is: NaNmm, object width is: 143mm, computed height is: NaNmm and object height is: 207mm.

Layout note 1(Fols ir–iir, 82v–85r

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)

Number of columns: 1

Number of lines: 20-35

Layout note 1(Fols 1r–82r

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)

Number of columns: 2

Number of lines: 20-35

Palaeography

  • Hand 1

    Script: Ethiopic

    Fols ir–71r
  • Hand 2

    Script: Ethiopic

    Fols 71v–82r

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    copied in a different hand
  • Keywords

    Publication Statement

    authority
    Hiob-Ludolf-Zentrum für Äthiopistik
    publisher
    Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft
    pubPlace
    Hamburg
    availability

    This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.

    date
    type=expanded
    17.4.2024 at 11:44:20
    date
    type=lastModified
    12.11.2020
    idno
    type=collection
    manuscripts
    idno
    type=url
    https://betamasaheft.eu/manuscripts/EMIP00017/main
    idno
    type=URI
    https://betamasaheft.eu/EMIP00017
    idno
    type=filename
    EMIP00017.xml
    idno
    type=ID
    EMIP00017

    Edition Statement

    The initial version of this file was created from data kindly provided by the Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project directed by Steve Delamarter.

    Encoding Description

    Encoded according to the Beta maṣāḥǝft Guidelines. These Guidelines detail the TEI format ruled by the Beta maṣāḥǝft Schema. The present TEI file is enriched with an Xquery transformation taking advantage of the exist-db database instance where the data is stored and of the many external resources to which this data points to.

    Definitions of prefixes used.

    Select one of the keywords listed from the record to see related data

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    This page contains RDFa. RDF+XML graph of this resource. Alternate representations available via VoID.
    Hypothes.is public annotations pointing here

    Use the tag BetMas:EMIP00017 in your public hypothes.is annotations which refer to this entity.

    Suggested Citation of this record

    To cite a precise version, please, click on load permalinks and to the desired version (see documentation on permalinks), then import the metadata or copy the below, with the correct link.

    Jonah Sandford, Ralph Lee, Ashlee Benson, Pietro Maria Liuzzo, ʻPortland, Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project, Marwick Codex 13ʼ, in Alessandro Bausi, ed., Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft (Last Modified: 12.11.2020) https://betamasaheft.eu/manuscripts/EMIP00017 [Accessed: 2024-04-25+02:00]

    Revisions of the data

    • Ashlee Benson Minor Change on 12.11.2020
    • Ralph Lee Updated ref for ms item on 12.11.2020
    • Ashlee Benson Updated facs statements on 2.11.2020
    • Ralph Lee Corrected reference to table prayer on 15.5.2020
    • Ralph Lee corrected ǝ character on 17.4.2020
    • Ralph Lee Added type to decorations on 6.4.2020
    • Ralph Lee Reformatted and corrected ms items, additions and extras, added image links on 24.3.2020
    • Ralph Lee Aded items, notes, and varia on 13.7.2018
    • Jonah Sandford Added quire desc, margin dim, binding desc, columns/lines, dating info on 15.6.2018
    • Pietro Maria Liuzzo Created XML record from EMIP Collection Metadata.xsls on 18.1.2018

    Attributions of the contents

    Jonah Sandford, editor

    Ralph Lee, editor

    Ashlee Benson, editor

    Pietro Maria Liuzzo, contributor

    The initial version of this file was created from data kindly provided by the Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project directed by Steve Delamarter.
    This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.