1. For papers in conference proceedings use ‘Book section’ in Zotero, do not use ‘Conference paper’, for two reasons: for this entry type you cannot enter series number and some other information in the mask that are essential data; this field must be reserved exclusively to paper presented at conferences that were not published, as long as they are distinguished from a manuscript (draft).
2. The entry type ‘manuscript’ is to be used for unpublished work, not for manuscripts intended as handwritten texts.
3. Online publications may be difficult to categorize as Zotero does not seem to cater well for them, please bear this in mind.
4. In a multi-volume publication, each volume is a separate entry (and gets a separate tag), do not merge volumes in one entry. Same is valid for article series.
5. Additional records merging more volumes into one entry can be created only for the sake of references in publications. These are separate entries of their own and must always be in addition to the single entries and, in case, must receive BM tags of d, in case, must receive BM tags of their own.
6. A miscellaneous volume or collection (Festschrift, conference proceedings, etc.) get separate entries as ‘Book’, while each paper or chapter in the collection gets its own entry as ‘Book section’. In electronic publications, both the book and each chapter get independent DOIs.
7. The same applies to articles consisting of sub-articles written by different authors: the group article is an entry, but also each sub-article by a different author is an entry of its own.

1. Adopt only the rounded forms for apostrophes and inverted comma (‘, ’, “, ”; never use ' or ", unless they are used in special contexts in opposition to the rounded forms, e.g. in some linguistic contexts).
2. When importing entries into Zotero you have to check manually that the entries, in all fields you want to keep, observe this rule; if note, the right codes must be entered. Use the Keyman DiacriticsUnicode keyboard to enter the rights codes.
3. Make sure the right for schwa is used, i.e. not ə Code 0259) but ǝ (Code 01DD).
4. When in the original title an apostrophe is used for alef or ayn please replace with the diacritic, but not if the IPA symbol is used.

1. IMPORTANT: Since the EthioStudies Library is shared between Beta maṣāḥǝft and the Aethiopica but these do not share the same transcription system, if you encounter a record using the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica system do not change it according to the BM system but rather create a new record, else who undertakes editorial work must re-do records over and over again. In case there are two copies of the same entry the one with the bm: tag will have the bm transliteration, the one with Aethiopica transliteration will have no bm: tag.

1. Pre-reform spelling (before 1918) of proper names should be standardized according to modern spelling. Thus, not ‘Bolotov”’ (Болотовъ), but ‘Bolotov’ (Болотов).
2. Pre-t standardization. Thus, for example ‘Описанiе двухъ эѳиопскихъ рукописей, пожертвованныхъ въ библiотеку Спб. Дух. Академiи преосвященнымъ Анатолiемъ, епископомъ балтскимъ (нынѣ острогожскимъ)’ should be transliterated as ‘Opisanie dvuch’ rukopisej, požertvovannych’ v’ biblioteku Spb. Duch. Akademii preosvjaščennym’ Anatoliem’, episkopom’ baltskim’ (nyně ostrogožskim’)’.

1. Titles in English should use maximal capitalization (i.e. capitalize every words apart from articles and conjunctions), unless the title is not originally in upper case, then follow the capitalization as it appears on the book cover. Titles in languages other than English should use minimal capitalization (i.e. capitalize only the words which must be capitalized according to the rules of the language in question, e.g. nouns in German).
2. The first word of subtitles should always be capitalized.
3. The following punctuation should be used in titles:
   1. The punctuation of the original title must be preserved.
   2. A colon (:) should be used between the main title and a subtitle.
   3. If more subtitles are present, they should be divided by a comma and capitalized.
   4. If a publication consists of several volumes with their own titles, these must be separated by a semi-colon (;), e.g. Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, I: A C ; II: D Ha ; III: He N
   5. Use a full stop between titles in different languages in publications with a double title, e.g. Santi e guerrieri a cavallo: Tele etiopiche, Tele di Qēs Adamu Tesfaw. Warriors Saints on Horseback: Ethiopian Paintings, Paintings by Qēs Adamu Tesfaw.
4. For titles in Ethiopic provide the original in fidal, the scientific transcription in brackets and the translation into English, e.g. ዝክረ ነገር (Zǝkra nagar, ‘Remembrances of things’). Please note
   1. This rule does not apply if only part of the title is in fidal, e.g. ትግርኛ ንዛረብ: Let’s Speak Tigrinya, Elementary Level, A First-Year Textbook, A Multidimensional Approach to the Teaching and Learning of Tigrinya As a Foreign Language.
5. For titles in scripts other than Ethiopic (Arabic, Hebrew, Cyrillic, etc.), provide the scientific transcription and translation only (i.e. not the title in the original script), e.g. Beyṯ ha-kǝneseṯ ʾAbūna ʾAbaʾ Ṣabra: Beʾer Ševaʿ (‘The Abuna Abba Ṣabra synagogue: Beʾer Ševaʿ’).

1. An exception to this rule is when you have ‘homonymous’ journals: in these fairly rare cases the full title as given on the journal frontispiece can be given, e.g. Africa: Journal of the International African Institute vs Africa: Vivere il continente vero.
2. In some exceptional cases the name of the institution also needs to appear in the title to avoid confusion:
   1. Atti della Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei , Classe di scienze morali, storiche e filologiche , Rendiconti
   2. Atti della Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei , Classe di scienze morali, storiche e filologiche , Memorie
   3. Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres , Comptes rendus des séances

1. The name of the person(s) appearing on the book should be treated consistently with what was the author’s and publisher’s intention: a person should be marked as an editor or a translator only if this is explicitly written on the book cover and not because the text is in our opinion an edition or a translation.
2. Because of the HLCEES style, if the same person is editor, author and translator you need to insert their name in the Zotero mask under EACH of their roles, otherwise the record will not appear correctly once extracted.
3. For the names of the authors/editors, Zotero has the option to choose between the ‘Surname, First name’ and simply ‘Name’ (one field) form. Make sure that you use 1-field mode for Ethiopian and Arabic names. You can switch between the options clicking on the field to the right of the name.
4. If the name of the authors is not given and not known, use Anon.
5. If the name of the authors is not given on the publication but is known through other sources, the name may be given in square brackets.
6. Author’s names in Zotero should be given in full as they appear on the publication, but if the full first name is not available please provide the initials as given on the book with full points AND divided by a space (e.g. ‘Mudimbe, V. Y.’ and NOT ‘Mudimbe, V Y’ OR ‘Mudimbe, V.Y.’).
7. Titular prefixes (Sir, Revd, Dr, Captain, etc.) are not to be included as part of the name.
8. For English forms of Ethiopian names appearing in publications, use the form as given in the publication, e.g. Getatchew Haile.

Conti Rossini, Carlo 1904. Vitae Sanctorum Antiquiorum, I: Gadla Yārēd seu Acta Sancti Yārēd, II: Gadla Panṭalēwon seu Acta Sancti Pantaleonis. Textus; Versio, ed., tr. Carlo Conti Rossini, I–II, Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, Scriptores Aethiopici, Series Altera, 17 (repr. CSCO, 26, 27, SAe, 9, 10) (Romae–Parisiis–Lipsiae (repr. Louvain): Excudebat Karolus de Luigi–Carolus Poussielgue Bibliopola–Otto Harrassowitz (repr. Secrétariat du CorpusSCO, 1961), 1904).

1. When no place of publication is given, use ‘n.p.’ instead (it means ‘no place’).
2. The place of publication should be a city, not a state or a region.
3. Abbreviations in city and states names are written without full point and without space in British English, e.g. Washington DC (not Washington D.C. or Washington D. C.) or USA (not U.S.A or U. S. A).
4. To avoid any confusion with homonymous cities in Europe, American places of publications are to be given alongside the state abbreviation as follows: Lawrenceville, NJ.
5. Note that the right transcription of the ‘fidal’ name of Addis Ababa and Asmara, among others, is ‘ʾAddis ʾAbabā’, ‘ʾAśmarā’, with initial alef also noted.
6. If the publisher cites more cities of publication, these can be included in the bibliographic record separated by an –n dash, e.g. ‘Urbana–Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press’.

1. If the name of the publisher is in another script, e.g. fidal or Arabic, provide the name using the scientific transcription and not the name in the original script or an English translation (e.g. ‘BäTasfā Gabra Śǝllāse māttamiyā bet’ and not በተስፋ ገብረ ሥላሴ ማተሚያ ቤት or ‘Tasfā Gabra Śǝllāse Press’).
2. If the name of the publisher is not given on the publication, use ‘n.pub.’ instead (it means ‘no publisher’).
3. If there are more than one publisher involved and operating in the same city, then the publishers’ name should be divided by an –n dash, e.g. ‘Addis Ababa: CFEE–Institute of Ethiopian Studies’.

1. For text editions accompanied by translation in a separate volume use ‘Text’ or ‘Versio’ at the end of the tag (e.g. bm:Arras1974TransituText, bm:Arras1974TransituVersio).
2. Please make sure this contains no special characters, umlaut, underdots and other combining diacritics, only digits and Latin characters. To check that this is unique, after saving the record in Zotero, click on the tag and check that only one item has this tag. If not, change the keyword of the tag just assigned.