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Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Laqāy Kidāna Mǝḥrat, MKL-014

Vitagrazia Pisani (cataloguer), Denis Nosnitsin

This manuscript description is based on the catalogues listed in the catalogue bibliography

Work in Progress
https://betamasaheft.eu/ESmkl014
Laqāy Kidāna Mǝḥrat[view repository]

Collection: Ethio-SPaRe

Places IndexPersons IndexGeneralDescriptionPhysical Description
Main parts
CatalogueAuthors

General description

Gadla Libānos “Vita of Libānos” / Malkǝʾa Libānos “Image of Libānos” / salām-hymn for Libānos / Taʾammǝra Libānos “Miracles of Libānos”

Number of Text units: 7

Number of Codicological units: 2

For a table of all relations from and to this record, please go to the Relations view. In the Relations boxes on the right of this page, you can also find all available relations grouped by name.

Origin

Original Location: Laqāy Kidāna Mǝḥrat↗

17th century (?). check the viewer47r-54v (quire VI) were added somewhat later, but the text has been written by the same scribe.

Provenance

Gabra Krǝstos is mentioned as the commissioner in the supplication formula, check the viewer55ra , l.2, and elsewhere, in the supplication formulas in Texts I and III (e.g., check the viewer4rb , l.6; 7va, l.9; 33ra, check the viewer10-11 , etc.).

Summary

I) Gadla Libānos “Vita of Libānos” (fols. 3ra-46vb, 55ra-56ra[l.12]) II) Malkǝʾa Libānos “Image of Libānos”: 31 strophes (fols. 47r-53v[l.6]) III) Salām-hymn for Libānos (fols. 53v[l.7]–54v) IV) Taʾammǝra Libānos “Miracles of Libānos”: 2 miracles (fols. 56ra[l.14]–57vb[l.12]).
  1. ms_i1 (), Hagiographic Cycle of Libānos
  2. p1_i1 (check the viewerFols 3ra–46vb, check the viewer55ra-56ra[l.12] ), Gadla Libānos
  3. p1_i2 (check the viewer56ra[l.14]–57vb[l.12] ), 2 Miracles of Libānos
    1. p1_i2.1 (check the viewer56ra (l.14) – 57ra (l.12) ), Miracle 1: On the healing of a man whose hands were paralyzed.
    2. p1_i2.2 (check the viewer56ra (l.14) – 57ra (l.12) ), Miracle 2: On the healing of a man from the king's army, who was sick and bowed.
  4. p2_i1 (check the viewer47r-53v[l.6] ), Malkǝʾa Libānos “Image of Libānos”
  5. p2_i2 (check the viewer53v[l.7]–54v ), Salām-hymn for Libānos

Contents

Additions In this unit there are in total .

    Extras

    1. Crude recent notes are written in pen: fols. 1v, 2rv, 4r (upper margin), 12r (upper margin), 16v (bottom margin), 17r (bottom margin), 28r (upper margin), 29r (upper margin), 36r (upper margin), 37r (upper margin), 56r (upper margin), 58rv.

    2. Thin black and red lines are drawn over an erasure (?) in check the viewerfol. 49r , l.4.

    Catalogue Bibliography

    This manuscript has modern restorations.

    Physical Description

    Form of support

    Parchment Codex

    Extent

    Made of 58.0 (leaf) , Entered as 58.0 folios, of which 3.0 (leaf, blank) : Entered as 3.0 blank check the viewer1rv , 2rv, 58rv, in 7.0 (quire) .Entered as 7.0 quires (A + 6). 160 148 38
    Outer dimensions
    Height 160
    Width 148
    Depth 38

    Foliation

    Foliated by the Ethio-SPaRe project team

    Quire Structure Collation

    Position Number Leaves Quires Description
    1 2 Fols 1r–2v A (2/fols. 1r-2v)
    2 8 Fols 3r–10v I (8/fols. 3r-10v)
    3 8 Fols 11r–18v II (8/fols. 11r-18v)
    4 8 Fols 19r–26v III (8/fols. 19r-26v)
    5 8 Fols 27r–34v IV (8/fols. 27r-34v)
    6 8 Fols 35r–42v V (8/fols. 35r-42v)
    7 8 Fols 43r–46v, Fols 55r–58v VI (8; s.l.: 1, stub before 1; 8, stub after 8/fols. 43r-46v and 55r-58v)
    8 8 Fols 47r–54v VII (8/ff. 47r-54v) Folia of a smaller size are infixed in the middle of quire VI.

    Collation diagrams


    A (2/fols. 1r-2v)
    Quire ID:q1
    Collation diagram Quire 1 1 2 Unit #1

    I (8/fols. 3r-10v)
    Quire ID:q2
    Collation diagram Quire 2 3 10 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

    II (8/fols. 11r-18v)
    Quire ID:q3
    Collation diagram Quire 3 11 18 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

    III (8/fols. 19r-26v)
    Quire ID:q4
    Collation diagram Quire 4 19 26 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

    IV (8/fols. 27r-34v)
    Quire ID:q5
    Collation diagram Quire 5 27 34 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

    V (8/fols. 35r-42v)
    Quire ID:q6
    Collation diagram Quire 6 35 42 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

    VI (8; s.l.: 1, stub before 1; 8, stub after 8/fols. 43r-46v and 55r-58v)
    Quire ID:q7
    Collation diagram Quire 7 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

    VII (8/ff. 47r-54v)
    Quire ID:q8
    Notes: 1) Folia of a smaller size are infixed in the middle of quire VI.
    Collation diagram Quire 8 51 58 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

    Ethio-SPaRe formula : I(2/Fols 1r–2v) – II(8/Fols 3r–10v) – III(8/Fols 11r–18v) – IV(8/Fols 19r–26v) – V(8/Fols 27r–34v) – VI(8/Fols 35r–42v) – VII(6+2/s.l. 1, stub before 1; s.l. 8, stub after 8/Fols 43r–46v, Fols 55r–58v) – VIII(8/Fols 47r–54v) –

    Formula: Fols 1r–2v A (2/fols. 1r-2v) ; Fols 3r–10v I (8/fols. 3r-10v) ; Fols 11r–18v II (8/fols. 11r-18v) ; Fols 19r–26v III (8/fols. 19r-26v) ; Fols 27r–34v IV (8/fols. 27r-34v) ; Fols 35r–42v V (8/fols. 35r-42v) ; Fols 43r–46v, Fols 55r–58v VI (8; s.l.: 1, stub before 1; 8, stub after 8/fols. 43r-46v and 55r-58v); Fols 47r–54v VII (8/ff. 47r-54v) ;

    Formula 1: 1 (2), 2 (8), 3 (8), 4 (8), 5 (8), 6 (8), 7 (), 8 (8),

    Formula 2: 1 (2), 2 (8), 3 (8), 4 (8), 5 (8), 6 (8), 7 (), 8 (8),

    State of preservation

    deficient

    Condition

    Most of the fols. are damaged by water. The original sewing is for the most part not in place; quires and separate leaves are kept together by means of crude stitches with white threads

    Binding

    Two wooden boards (the front board is cracked and repaired); a piece of textile crudely sewn to the spine. Two pairs of sewing stations.

    Binding decoration

    Binding material

    wood

    Original binding

    No

    Codicological Unit p1

    Summary of codicological unit 1

    1. p1_i1 (check the viewerFols 3ra–46vb, check the viewer55ra-56ra[l.12] ), Gadla Libānos
    2. p1_i2 (check the viewer56ra[l.14]–57vb[l.12] ), 2 Miracles of Libānos
      1. p1_i2.1 (check the viewer56ra (l.14) – 57ra (l.12) ), Miracle 1: On the healing of a man whose hands were paralyzed.
      2. p1_i2.2 (check the viewer56ra (l.14) – 57ra (l.12) ), Miracle 2: On the healing of a man from the king's army, who was sick and bowed.

    Contents

    check the viewerFols 3ra–46vb, check the viewer55ra-56ra[l.12] Gadla Libānos (CAe 1473)

    Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): check the viewer3ra በስመ”... በስመ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አብ፡ ዘእምቅድመ፡ ዓለም፡ ህላዌሁ፨ ወእስከ፡ ለዓለም፡ ዘኢየሐልቅ፡ ምስፍናሁ፨ ልዑል፡ በልዕልናሁ፨ ስቡሕ፡ በስብሐቲሁ፨ ለወልድ፡ ብርሃን፡ ከማሁ፨ ወለመንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ፀዳሉ፡ ወሱራሄሁ፤ በከመ፤ ይቤሉ፡ ነቢያቲሁ፤ ንርአይ፡ ብርሃነ፡ በብርሃነ፡ ዚአሁ። ወይቤሉ፡ ንርአይ፣ ብርሃነ፡ በብርሃናቲሁ፨ ...In the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit. One God. In the name of the Lord, the Father, Whose essence is from before the world, and His lordship will not cease in the world. Most High in the height, glorious in the glory of the Son, as the light, and splendour and glory of the Holy Spirit. As His prophets said: “Let us look at the light in His light”. And they said “Let us look at the light in His lights. ...

    Explicit (Gǝʿǝz ): check the viewer56ra, , l.1 ... ወሶበ፤ ፈጸመ፡ ንጉሥነ፤ ገብረ፡ መስቀል፨ አውጽአ፡ ደመ፡ እምእንግድዓሁ፡ ወወደየ፡ ውስተ፡ መቃብሪሁ፡ ለአቡነ፨ ወይቤ፡ ሥጋየ፡ ምስለ፡ ሥጋከ፡ ወነፍስየ፡ ምስለ፡ ነፍስከ፨ ከመ፡ ትደምረኒ፡ ምስሌከ፡ በምንግሥተ፡ ሰማያት፡ እስከ፡ ለዓለም፡ አሜን፨ ፨ ... And when our king Gabra Masqal finished, he expelled the blood from his chest and put (it) in the graves of the ʾabuna and he said: “My corpse (is) with your corpse and my soul with your soul so that you will associate me with you in the Kingdom of Heaven for ever. Amen.

    The text seems closer to the so-called second recension (Gadla Libānos, t:div recension2, but with some more passages in the prologue.
    check the viewer56ra[l.14]–57vb[l.12] 2 Miracles of Libānos (CAe 4717)

    Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): check the viewer56ra , l.14 (Miracle 1) ተአምሪሁ፡ ለአቡነ፡ ሊባኖስ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ወበረከቱ፡ የሀሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ፍቁሩ፡ ገብረ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ለዓ|ለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን፨ ወሀሎ፡ ፩፡ ብእሲ፡ ዘየብሰት፡ እዴሁ፨ ወበጽሐ፡ ኀበ፡ መካኑ፡ ለቅዱስ፤ ወተሳለመ፡ ቤተ፡ ክርስቲያኑ፡ ሖረ፡ ወተሐፅበ፡ እማየ፡ ሕይወት፨ ...Miracles of ʾabuna Libānos. May his prayer and his blessing be with his beloved Gabra Krǝstos. Forever and ever. Amen. And there was a man whose hands were dry. And he arrived to the place of the saint and venerated his church, departed and he washed himself with the water of the life. ...

    Explicit (Gǝʿǝz ): check the viewer57va, l.18 (Miracle 2) ... ወተናቀዋ፡  አዕፅምትየ፨ [check the viewer57vb ]ወረታእኩ፡ በከመ፡ ትሬእዩኒ፡ ይእዜ፡ ወኵሉ፡ ዘርእየ፡ ወሰምዓ፡ ሰብሖ፡ ለእግዚአብሔር፡ ወአንከሩ፡ ተአምሪሁ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ ሊባኖስ፡ ጸሎቱ፡ ወበረከቱ፡ የሀሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ፍቁሩ፡ ገብረ፡ ክርስቶስ። ወምስለ፡ ኵልነ፡ ደቂቁ፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን፨ ፨ ፨ ፨ ፨ ... and my bones cracked, and I became straight in the way you see me now”. And everybody who saw and heard  glorified the Lord, and they were astonished (by the) miracles of St Libānos. May his prayer and his blessing be with his beloved Gabra Krǝstos, and with each of us, his children. Forever and ever. Amen.

    Physical Description of codicological unit 1

    Form of support of codicological unit 1

    Parchment Codex

    Extent of codicological unit 1

    Made of 50 (leaf) .Entered as 50 folios, in 7.0 (quire) .Entered as 7.0 quires 160 148
    Outer dimensions of codicological unit 1
    Height 160
    Width 148

    Layout of codicological unit 1

    Layout note 1

    Number of columns: 2

    Number of lines: 17

    H 104mm
    W 125mm
    Intercolumn 11mm
    Margins
    top 15
    bottom 28
    right 18
    left 11
    intercolumn 11
    check the viewer1r-46v , 55r-58v. All data are taken from check the viewer4r .

    Ms Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Laqāy Kidāna Mǝḥrat, MKL-0141

    has a sum of layout width of 154mm which is greater than the object height of 148mm
    Ruling of codicological unit 1
    • (Subtype: pattern)1A-1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/C.
    • The upper line is written above the ruling.
    • The bottom line is written above the ruling.
    • In some fols., one or two ruled lines in the bottom of the page were not used by the scribe, e.g., (Excerpt from check the viewer7r)
      , 47r, 48r, 49r, 50rv, 51rv, 52rv (one), 54r (one), 53rv (two) 54r.
    • In (Excerpt from check the viewer30vb)
      and 54v portions of the text are written below the ruling.
    Pricking of codicological unit 1
    • Pricking and ruling are visible.
    • Primary pricks are visible.
    • Ruling pricks are visible.
    • Structural pricks are partly visible.
    Other of codicological unit 1
      • I. Colon;
      • colon with dashes above and below (e.g., fols.: 3ra, check the viewer11 , 12; 3rb, l.6; 5rb, l.2; 12rb, l.1; 12va, l.10; 24rb, l.3);
      • colon with dash above (esp. check the viewer3ra , l.14).
      • II. Four dot asterisk (e.g., fols.: 3va, ls. 1, 3, 5, 9; 44rb, ls. 2, 4, 8);
      • nine dot asterisk (used throughout the text);
      • doubled four dot asterisks (esp. check the viewer57ra , ls. 9, 15);
      • doubled nine dot asterisks (esp. fols.: 12ra, l.1; 56ra, l.12);
      • nine dot asterisks (esp. fols.: 12va, l.1; 57vb, l.13).
      • III. Chain of black and red dots (esp. fols.: 55ra, l.5; 56ra, l.13; 57ra, l.12; 57vb, l.13).
    • no

    Punctuation of codicological unit 1

    Executed: not quite regularly.

    Usage: not always logical.

    CruxAnsata

    Yes

    CruxAnsata: no

    Palaeography of codicological unit 1

  1. Hand 1

    of codicological unit 1

    Scribe: ʾAśba Māryām scribe

    Script: Ethiopic

    Mediocre.

    Ink: Black; red.

    Rubrication: Divine names; names of the donor; name of the protagonist (the name Libānos; the name Maṭāʿ is not rubricated); elements of the punctuation signs; elements of Ethiopic numbers. Four lines, divided into two groups alternating with black lines, in the incipit folio of Text 1 (fol. 3rab); incipit of some subsections (one or two lines) in Text I; incipit of each miracle (fols. 56ra, l.14, 57ra, l.12).

    Date: 17th century (?).

    ʾAśba Māryām scribe is mentioned as the scribe in the supplication formula in check the viewer55ra, l.4. 17th century (?).

    Abbreviations

  3. ሰላ፡(- - -) for ሰላም፡ (e.g.: check the viewer47v , l.5; 48v, ls.6, 11; 49v, ls. 4,10; 51r, l.2).

    4. Codicological Unit p2

    Summary of codicological unit 2

    1. p2_i1 (check the viewer47r-53v[l.6] ), Malkǝʾa Libānos “Image of Libānos”
    2. p2_i2 (check the viewer53v[l.7]–54v ), Salām-hymn for Libānos

    Contents

    check the viewer47r-53v[l.6] Malkǝʾa Libānos “Image of Libānos” (CAe 3097) 31 strophes

    Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): check the viewer47r ኦክርስቶስ፡ ዘተወለድከ፡ እምድንግል፡ መድኃኒተ፡ ነፍሶሙ፡ ትኩን፡ ለሕዝበ፡ ሙስና፡ ወኃጕል፨ ስብሐተ፡ ሊባኖስ፡ ገብርከ፡ ሐዋርያ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ወንጌል፨ ባርክ፡ በየማንከ፡ ወበእዴከ፡ መስቀል፨ አኮኑ፡ ለሊከ፡ ባርኮተ፡ ትክል፨ ሰላም፡ ለዝክረ፡ ስምከ፡ ዘተበፅዓ፡ ፈድፋደ፨... O Christ, you who were born from the Virgin, may you be the salvation of their souls, for the people of the corruption and of the perdition. Glory (be for) Libānos, Your servant, apostle of the Saint Gospel; bless with your right hand, while your left hand (holds) the Cross; is it not that you yourself can bless? Salutation to the remembrance of your name which was honoured abundantly...

    Explicit (Gǝʿǝz ): check the viewer53v, ls. 1-6 ስብሐት፡ ለእግዚአብሔር፡ ለፈጸሞ፡ ዝንቱ፡ ድርሳን፨ ዘጸገወኒ፡ ሥልጣነ፡  በዘዚአሁ፡ ሥልጣን፨ ባርከኒ፡ አባ፡ ለደቂቅከ፡ ኄራን፨ ነጺሮሙ፡ በረከትከ፡ ወሰሚዖሙ፡ በዕዝን፨ ቅዱሳን፡ መላእክት፡ ይበሉ፡ አሜን፨ Glory to the Lord, for the completion of this Homily, (the Lord) Who has granted me of his authority among his authority. Bless me, ʾabbā, Your good Son. Having observed Your blessing and listed with the ear, let the saints angels say: “Amen”.

    check the viewer53v[l.7]–54v Salām-hymn for Libānos (CAe 6393)

    Incipit (Gǝʿǝz ): check the viewer53v, l.7 ሰላም፡ ሰላም፡ ሊባኖስ፡ ብፁዕ፨ መንነከ[sic]፡ ኃላፊ፡ ዘበምድር፡ ፍግዕ፨ ለወልደ፡ ድንግል፡ ዴገንኮ፡ ለበግዕ፨ ዘቢጠከ፡ ኰኵሐ፡ አውኃዝኮ፡ ለነቅዕ። በእንተ፡ ጽድቅ፡ ወሕይወት፡ ርእሶ፡ አንደየ፨ እምኃውዘ፡ ዓለም፡ ጐየ፨ እምኀበ፡ እግዚኡ፡ ተዓሥየ፡ ሠናየ፨... Salutation, salutation (to) Libānos the blessed. You have rejected what it is the  temporary pleasure on the earth. You have hunted for the Son of the Virgin, the lamb. Having hit the rock, you have caused a spring flow out. For the sake of the righteousness and the life, he impoverished himself; he escaped from the delight of the world; he has been nicely rewarded from his Lord. ...

    Explicit (Gǝʿǝz ): check the viewer54v, l.10 ... ሰላም፡ ለፀአተ፡ ነፍስከ፡ አመ፡ ሰሉሱ፡ ለጥር፤ ጊዜ፡ ፍና፡ ቀትር፤  ብፁዕ፡ ሊባኖስ፡ ጥዑመ፡ ዜና፡ ወዝክር፨ ወረዱ፡ ይትቀበሉከ፡ ግሩማነ፡ ራእይ፡ ማኅበር፡ እንዘ፡ ይዜምሩ፡ በሐዋዝ፡ መዝሙር፨ ... Salutation to the departure of your soul on the 3rd of Ṭǝrr; in the time of noon, blessed Libānos, pleasant in story and remembrance. They descended to receive you, those of the awesome appearance, while singing a joyful hymn.

    Physical Description of codicological unit 2

    Form of support of codicological unit 2

    Parchment Codex

    Extent of codicological unit 2

    Made of 8 (leaf) .Entered as 8 folios, in 1 quire, of smaller size, inserted into quire VII (ff. 47-54)

    Layout of codicological unit 2

    Layout note 1

    Number of columns: 1

    Number of lines: 13

    H 78mm
    W 84mm
    Intercolumn mm
    Margins
    top 13
    bottom 27
    right 18
    left 9
    intercolumn
    check the viewer47r-54v . All data are taken from check the viewer47r .

    Ms Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Laqāy Kidāna Mǝḥrat, MKL-0142

    looks ok for measures computed width is: 111mm, object width is: 148mm, computed height is: 118mm and object height is: 160mm.

    Layout note 1

    Ruling of codicological unit 2
    • 13 or 14
    • (Subtype: pattern)1A-1A/0-0/0-0/C.
    • The upper line is written above the ruling.
    • The bottom line is written above the ruling.
    Pricking of codicological unit 2
    • Pricking and ruling are visible.
    • Primary pricks are visible.
    • Ruling pricks are visible.
    • Structural pricks are partly visible.
    Other of codicological unit 2
      • two parallel dashes (esp. fols.: 49v, l.7; 50r, l.10; check the viewer51v , l.5; 52r, l.12; 53v, l.13)
      • III. Chain of black and red dots (esp. fols.: 53v, l.6).

    Punctuation of codicological unit 2

    Executed: not quite regularly.

    Usage: not always logical.

    Keywords

    Hagiography

    Publication Statement

    authority
    Hiob-Ludolf-Zentrum für Äthiopistik
    pubPlace
    Hamburg
    publisher
    Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft
    availability

    This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.

    date
    2016-06-07T17:44:07.772+02:00
    date
    type=expanded
    17.4.2024 at 15:19:59
    date
    type=lastModified
    1.3.2021
    idno
    type=collection
    manuscripts
    idno
    type=url
    https://betamasaheft.eu/manuscripts/ESmkl014/main
    idno
    type=URI
    https://betamasaheft.eu/ESmkl014
    idno
    type=filename
    ESmkl014.xml
    idno
    type=ID
    ESmkl014

    Encoding Description

    Encoded according to TEI P5 Guidelines.

    Encoded according to the Beta maṣāḥǝft Guidelines. These Guidelines detail the TEI format ruled by the Beta maṣāḥǝft Schema. The present TEI file is enriched with an Xquery transformation taking advantage of the exist-db database instance where the data is stored and of the many external resources to which this data points to.

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    Suggested Citation of this record

    To cite a precise version, please, click on load permalinks and to the desired version (see documentation on permalinks), then import the metadata or copy the below, with the correct link.

    Vitagrazia Pisani, Denis Nosnitsin, Alessandro Bausi, Pietro Maria Liuzzo, Eugenia Sokolinski, ʻBǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Laqāy Kidāna Mǝḥrat, MKL-014ʼ, in Alessandro Bausi, ed., Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft (Last Modified: 1.3.2021) https://betamasaheft.eu/manuscripts/ESmkl014 [Accessed: 2024-04-25+02:00]

    Revisions of the data

    • Eugenia Sokolinski adjusted to schema, split msparts, no persons ID created on 1.3.2021
    • Pietro Maria Liuzzo added missing extras from domlib on 25.4.2019
    • Pietro Maria Liuzzo transformed from mycore to TEI P5 on 10.5.2016
    • Denis Nosnitsin last edited in Ethio-SPaRe on 20.2.2015
    • Vitagrazia Pisani catalogued in Ethio-SPaRe on 10.2.2012
    • Ethio-SPaRe team photographed the manuscript on 6.12.2010

    Attributions of the contents

    Alessandro Bausi, general editor

    Vitagrazia Pisani, editor

    Denis Nosnitsin, editor

    Pietro Maria Liuzzo, contributor

    Eugenia Sokolinski, contributor

    This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.