Here you can explore some general information about the project. See also Beta maṣāḥəft institutional web page. Select About to meet the project team and our partners. Visit the Guidelines section to learn about our encoding principles. The section Data contains the Linked Open Data information, and API the Application Programming Interface documentation for those who want to exchange data with the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. The Permalinks section documents the versioning and referencing earlier versions of each record.
Click to get back to the home page. Here you can find out more about the project team, the cooperating projects, and the contact information. You can also visit our institutional page. Find out more about our Encoding Guidelines. In this section our Linked Open Data principles are explained. Developers can find our Application Programming Interface documentation here. The page documents the use of permalinks by the project.
Descriptions of (predominantly) Christian manuscripts from Ethiopia and Eritrea are the core of the Beta maṣāḥǝft project. We (1) gradually encode descriptions from printed catalogues, beginning from the historical ones, (2) incorporate digital descriptions produced by other projects, adjusting them wherever possible, and (3) produce descriptions of previously unknown and/or uncatalogued manuscripts. The encoding follows the TEI XML standards (check our guidelines).
We identify each unit of content in every manuscript. We consider any text with an independent circulation a work, with its own identification number within the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). Parts of texts (e.g. chapters) without independent circulation (univocally identifiable by IDs assigned within the records) or recurrent motifs as well as documentary additional texts (identified as Narrative Units) are not part of the CAe. You can also check the list of different types of text titles or various Indexes available from the top menu.
The clavis is a repertory of all known works relevant for the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition; the work being defined as any text with an independent circulation. Each work (as well as known recensions where applicable) receives a unique identifier in the Clavis Aethiopica (CAe). In the filter search offered here one can search for a work by its title, a keyword, a short quotation, but also directly by its CAe identifier - or, wherever known and provided, identifier used by other claves, including Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG), Clavis Patrum Graecorum (CPG), Clavis Coptica (CC), Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti (CAVT), Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti (CANT), etc. The project additionally identifies Narrative Units to refer to text types, where no clavis identification is possible or necessary. Recurring motifs or also frequently documentary additiones are assigned a Narrative Unit ID, or thematically clearly demarkated passages from various recensions of a larger work. This list view shows the documentary collections encoded by the project Ethiopian Manuscript Archives (EMA) and its successor EthioChrisProcess - Christianization and religious interactions in Ethiopia (6th-13th century) : comparative approaches with Nubia and Egypt, which aim to edit the corpus of administrative acts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, for medieval and modern periods. See also the list of documents contained in the additiones in the manuscripts described by the Beta maṣāḥǝft project . Works of interest to Ethiopian and Eritrean studies.
While encoding manuscripts, the project Beta maṣāḥǝft aims at creating an exhaustive repertory of art themes and techniques present in Ethiopian and Eritrean Christian tradition. See our encoding guidelines for details. Two types of searches for aspects of manuscript decoration are possible, the decorations filtered search and the general keyword search.
The filtered search for decorations, originally designed with Jacopo Gnisci, looks at decorations and their features only. The filters on the left are relative only to the selected features, reading the legends will help you to figure out what you can filter. For example you can search for all encoded decorations of a specific art theme, or search the encoded legends. If the decorations are present, but not encoded, you will not get them in the results. If an image is available, you will also find a thumbnail linking to the image viewer. [NB: The Index of Decorations currently often times out, we are sorry for the inconvenience.] You can search for particular motifs or aspects, including style, also through the keyword search. Just click on "Art keywords" and "Art themes" on the left to browse through the options. This is a short cut to a search for all those manuscripts which have miniatures of which we have images.
We create metadata for all places associated with the manuscript production and circulation as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The encoding of places in Beta maṣāḥǝft will thus result in a Gazetteer of the Ethiopian tradition. We follow the principles established by Pleiades and lined out in the Syriaca.org TEI Manual and Schema for Historical Geography which allow us to distinguish between places, locations, and names of places. See also Help page fore more guidance.
This tab offers a filtrable list of all available places. Geographical references of the type "land inhabited by people XXX" is encoded with the reference to the corresponding Ethnic unit (see below); ethnonyms, even those used in geographical contexts, do not appear in this list. Repositories are those locations where manuscripts encoded by the project are or used to be preserved. While they are encoded in the same way as all places are, the view offered is different, showing a list of manuscripts associated with the repository.
We create metadata for all persons (and groups of persons) associated with the manuscript production and circulation (rulers, religious authorities, scribes, donors, and commissioners) as well as those mentioned in the texts used by the project. The result will be a comprehensive Prosopography of the Ethiopian and Eritrean tradition. See also Help page for more guidance.
We encode persons according to our Encoding Guidelines. The initial list was inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix. We consider ethnonyms as a subcategory of personal names, even when many are often used in literary works in the context of the "land inhabited by **". The present list of records has been mostly inherited from the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, and there are still many inconsistencies that we are trying to gradually fix.
This section collects some additional resources offered by the project. Select Bibliography to explore the references cited in the project records. The Indexes list different types of project records (persons, places, titles, keywords, etc). Visit Projects for information on partners that have input data directly in the Beta maṣāḥǝft database. Special ways of exploring the data are offered under Visualizations. Two applications were developed in cooperation with the project TraCES, the Gǝʿǝz Morphological Parser and the Online Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae.
Help

You are looking at work in progress version of this website. For questions contact the dev team.

Hover on words to see search options.

Double-click to see morphological parsing.

Click on left pointing hands and arrows to load related items and click once more to view the result in a popup.

Do you want to notify us of an error, please do so by writing an issue in our GitHub repository (click the envelope for a precomiled one).
On small screens, will show a navigation bar on the leftOpen Item Navigation
Edit Not sure how to do this? Have a look at the Beta maṣāḥǝft Guidelines!
Hide pointersClick here to hide or show again the little arrows and small left pointing hands in this page.
Hide relatedClick here to hide or show again the right side of the content area, where related items and keywords are shown.
EntryMain Entry
TEI/XMLDownload an enriched TEI file with explicit URIs bibliography from Zotero API.
SyntaxeSee graphs of the information available. If the manuscript contains relevant information, then you will see visualizations based on La Syntaxe du Codex, by Andrist, Canart and Maniaci.
RelationsFurther visualization of relational information
TranscriptionTranscription (as available). Do you have a transcription you want to contribute? Contact us or click on EDIT and submit your contribution.
Request Images from Ethio-SPaReSend an email to Ethio-SPaRe Project leader to request to make the images of this manuscript available here.

Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Dabra Dāmmo ʾAbuna ʾAragāwi, DD-047

Abreham Adugna (cataloguer), Denis Nosnitsin

This manuscript description is based on the catalogues listed in the catalogue bibliography

Work in Progress
https://betamasaheft.eu/ESdd047
Dabra Dāmmo ʾAbuna ʾAragāwi[view repository]

Collection: Ethio-SPaRe

General description

Gadla Qirqos “Vita of Cyricus” / Dǝrsāna kidāna mǝḥrat “Homily of the Covenant of Mercy” / Gadla Za-Mikāʾel ʾAragāwi "Vita of Za-Mikāʾel ʾAragāwi" / Discourse by John Chrysostom on the life and decollation of John the Baptist / Homily by John Chrysostom on the glory of John the Baptist / Homily by John of Constantinople on the Four Living Creatures, for the 8th of Ḥǝdar / Homily by an anonymous author for the commemoration of the Four Living Creatures and the Twenty-Four Heavenly Priests / Homily by an anonymous author for the commemoration of the angels Michael and Gabriel, the Twenty-Four Heavenly Priests and the Four Living Creatures for the 12th of Ḥǝdar and Sane / Taʾammǝra Gabrǝʾel “Miracles of Gabriel” / Taʾammǝra Rufāʾel “Miracles of Raphael”

Number of Text units: 10

Number of Codicological units: 1

For a table of all relations from and to this record, please go to the Relations view. In the Relations boxes on the right of this page, you can also find all available relations grouped by name.

Origin

Original Location: Dabra Dāmmo ʾAbuna ʾAragāwi

18th cent. (?)

Provenance

The name of the original donor has been erased in the supplication formulas and replaced with Walda ʾAragāwi and Säwasǝwä Dǝngǝl (but in some occasions those names appear to be original, check the viewer55rb , 56ra). On check the viewer75ra the last two letters of his name, ማር (mar), have been preserved.

Summary

I) Gadla Qirqos “Vita of Cyricus” (fols. 6ra-23rb) II) Dǝrsāna kidāna mǝḥrat “Homily of the Covenant of Mercy” (fols. 23va-30rb) III) Gadla Za-Mikāʾel ʾAragāwi "Vita of Za-Mikāʾel ʾAragāwi" (fols. 30va-55vb) IV) Discourse by John Chrysostom on the life and decollation of John the Baptist (fols. 56ra-67ra) V) Homily by John Chrysostom on the glory of John the Baptist (fols. 67ra-74rb) VI) Homily by the John of Constantinople on the Four Living Creatures, for the 8th of Ḥǝdar (fols. 75ra-86rb) (cp. EMML 1763, no. 12) VII) Homily by an anonymous author for the commemoration of the Four Living Creatures and the Twenty-Four Heavenly Priests (Maṣḥaf za-wäḍʾat ʾǝm-ʾIyarusalem …) (fols. 86rb-92va) (cp. EMML 1763) VIII) Homily by an anonymous author for the commemoration of the angels Michael and Gabriel, the Twenty-Four Heavenly Priests and the Four Living Creatures for the 12th of Ḥǝdar and Sane (fols. 92va-94ra) (cp. EMML 1194) IX) Taʾammǝra Gabrǝʾel “Miracles of Gabriel”: 6 miracles (fols. 94rb-100vb) X) Taʾammǝra Rufāʾel “Miracles of Raphael”: 8 miracles (fols. 100vb-110rb) Additio 1.
  1. ms_i1 (check the viewer6ra-23rb ), I. Gadla Qirqos “Vita of Cyricus”
  2. ms_i2 (check the viewer23va-30rb ), Dǝrsāna kidāna mǝḥrat “Homily of the Covenant of Mercy”
  3. ms_i3 (check the viewer30va-55vb ), Gadla Zamikāʾel ʾAragāwi "Vita of Zamikāʾel ʾAragāwi"
  4. ms_i4 (check the viewer56ra-67ra ), Discourse by John Chrysostom on the life and decollation of John the Baptist (fols. 56ra-67ra)
  5. ms_i5 (check the viewer67ra-74rb ), Homily by John Chrysostom on the glory of John the Baptist
  6. ms_i6 (check the viewer75ra-86rb ), Homily by the John of Constantinople on the Four Living Creatures, for the 8th of Ḥǝdar (cp. EMML 1763, no. 12)
  7. ms_i7 (check the viewer86rb-92va ), Homily by an anonymous author for the commemoration of the Four Living Creatures and the Twenty-Four Heavenly Priests (Maṣḥāf za-waḍʾāt ʾǝm-ʾIyarusalem …) (cp. EMML 1763)
  8. ms_i8 (check the viewer92va-94ra ), Homily by an anonymous author for the commemoration of the angels Michael and Gabriel, the Twenty-Four Heavenly Priests and the Four Living Creatures for the 12th of Ḥǝdar and Sane (cp. EMML 1194)
  9. ms_i9 (check the viewer94rb-100vb ), Taʾammǝra Gabrǝʾel “Miracles of Gabriel”: 6 miracles
  10. ms_i10 (check the viewer100vb-110rb ), Taʾammǝra Rufāʾel “Miracles of Raphael”: 8 miracles

Contents


check the viewer75ra-86rb Homily by the John of Constantinople on the Four Living Creatures, for the 8th of Ḥǝdar (cp. EMML 1763, no. 12) - Text VI is ascribed to ʾabbā Yoḥannǝs, the Patriarch of Constantinople whereas in Ms.KAE-015a similar text (Text V) is ascribed to ʾabbā Sawiros. In Ms.KAE-001the homily is anonymous.

check the viewer94rb-100vb Taʾammǝra Gabrǝʾel “Miracles of Gabriel”: 6 miracles (CAe 4652) - The incipit is referred as ድርሳን ዘገብርኤል but the actual content is Miracles of Gabriel.

Additions In this unit there are in total .

  1. check the viewerff. 1va-5vb

    Malkǝʾa Qirqos “Image of Cyricus”

    ( gez ) ኦክርስቶስ፡ ናዝራዊ፡ ዘተወከፍከ፡ ሕማመ። ፀሐይ፡ ብሩህ፡ ወጽዱል፡ አመ፡ ሱራሄሁ፡ አጽለመ። መጽሐፈ፡ ዜናሁ፡ ለቂርቆስ፡ መንፈሳዊ፡ ወዘመላክዑ፡ [sic] ሰላመ። ጸሐፍ፡ ውስተ፡ ልብየ፡ እንዘ፡ ትገብር፡ ቀለመ። ደመከ፡ አምላካዊ፡ በመስቀል፡ ዘዘንመ።

    Written in a fine hand. Cp. WQ-006, UM-008, KAE-001

Extras

  1. - Title of Text I ገድለ ጭርቆሥ is written in black paint on the outer face of the front board. - Titles of some texts in the work are written on check the viewer1r . - Names written in pen in the upper margin: check the viewer27r , 44r. - Ethiopic numerals are written in the upper margin (possibly referring to the process of writing and scribal work?): check the viewer16r , 23r, 72r. - Pen trial: check the viewer1r . - Corrections written interlineally: e.g., check the viewer14ra , 21rb, 46vb. - Words or passages erased: check the viewer8ra , 70ra. - Chains of black and red dots as text dividers: check the viewer86rb , 94ra, 100vb.

Catalogue Bibliography

This manuscript has modern restorations.

Physical Description

Form of support

Parchment Codex

Extent

Made of 110.0 (leaf) , Entered as 110.0 folios, of which (leaf, blank) .Entered as blank 74v, 110v, in 14.0 (quire) .Entered as 14.0 quires (13+A). 217 185 60
Outer dimensions
Height 217
Width 185
Depth 60

Foliation

Quire Structure Collation

Position Number Leaves Quires Description
1 5 Fols 1r–5v A(5; s.l.: 1, stub after 4; 4, stub after 2; 5, stub before 1/fols. 1r-5v)
2 8 Fols 6r–13v I(8/fols. 6r-13v)
3 8 Fols 14r–21v II(8/fols. 14r-21v)
4 8 Fols 22r–29 III(8/fols. 22r-29)
5 8 Fols 30r–37v IV(8/fols. 30r-37v)
6 8 Fols 38r–45v V(8/fols. 38r-45v)
7 8 Fols 46r–53v VI(8/fols. 46r-53v)
8 8 Fols 54r–61v VII(8/fols. 54r-61v)
9 8 Fols 62r–69v VIII(8/fols. 62r-69v)
10 8 Fols 70r–77v IX(8/fols. 70r-77v)
11 8 Fols 78r–85v X(8/fols. 78r-85v)
12 8 Fols 86r–93v XI(8/fols. 86r-93v)
13 8 Fols 94r–101v XII(8/fols. 94r-101v)
14 9 Fols 102r–110v XIII(9; s.l.: 1, stub after 9/fols. 102r-110v). Quire I is in a different hand and has less number of lines. Most probably was added somewhat later.

Collation diagrams


A(5; s.l.: 1, stub after 4; 4, stub after 2; 5, stub before 1/fols. 1r-5v)
Quire ID:q1
Collation diagram Quire 1 5 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

I(8/fols. 6r-13v)
Quire ID:q2
Collation diagram Quire 2 6 13 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

II(8/fols. 14r-21v)
Quire ID:q3
Collation diagram Quire 3 14 21 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

III(8/fols. 22r-29)
Quire ID:q4
Collation diagram Quire 4 22 29 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

IV(8/fols. 30r-37v)
Quire ID:q5
Collation diagram Quire 5 30 37 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

V(8/fols. 38r-45v)
Quire ID:q6
Collation diagram Quire 6 38 45 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

VI(8/fols. 46r-53v)
Quire ID:q7
Collation diagram Quire 7 46 53 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

VII(8/fols. 54r-61v)
Quire ID:q8
Collation diagram Quire 8 54 61 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

VIII(8/fols. 62r-69v)
Quire ID:q9
Collation diagram Quire 9 62 69 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

IX(8/fols. 70r-77v)
Quire ID:q10
Collation diagram Quire 10 70 77 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

X(8/fols. 78r-85v)
Quire ID:q11
Collation diagram Quire 11 78 85 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

XI(8/fols. 86r-93v)
Quire ID:q12
Collation diagram Quire 12 86 93 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

XII(8/fols. 94r-101v)
Quire ID:q13
Collation diagram Quire 13 94 101 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

XIII(9; s.l.: 1, stub after 9/fols. 102r-110v). Quire I is in a different hand and has less number of lines. Most probably was added somewhat later.
Quire ID:q14
Collation diagram Quire 14 102 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

Ethio-SPaRe formula : I(2+3/s.l. 1, stub after 4; s.l. 4, stub after ; s.l. 5, stub before 1/Fols 1r–5v) – II(8/Fols 6r–13v) – III(8/Fols 14r–21v) – IV(8/Fols 22r–29) – V(8/Fols 30r–37v) – VI(8/Fols 38r–45v) – VII(8/Fols 46r–53v) – VIII(8/Fols 54r–61v) – IX(8/Fols 62r–69v) – X(8/Fols 70r–77v) – XI(8/Fols 78r–85v) – XII(8/Fols 86r–93v) – XIII(8/Fols 94r–101v) – XIV(8+1/s.l. 1, stub after 9/Fols 102r–110v) –

Formula: Fols 1r–5v A(5; s.l.: 1, stub after 4; 4, stub after 2; 5, stub before 1/fols. 1r-5v) ; Fols 6r–13v I(8/fols. 6r-13v) ; Fols 14r–21v II(8/fols. 14r-21v) ; Fols 22r–29 III(8/fols. 22r-29) ; Fols 30r–37v IV(8/fols. 30r-37v) ; Fols 38r–45v V(8/fols. 38r-45v) ; Fols 46r–53v VI(8/fols. 46r-53v) ; Fols 54r–61v VII(8/fols. 54r-61v) ; Fols 62r–69v VIII(8/fols. 62r-69v) ; Fols 70r–77v IX(8/fols. 70r-77v) ; Fols 78r–85v X(8/fols. 78r-85v) ; Fols 86r–93v XI(8/fols. 86r-93v) ; Fols 94r–101v XII(8/fols. 94r-101v) ; Fols 102r–110v XIII(9; s.l.: 1, stub after 9/fols. 102r-110v). Quire I is in a different hand and has less number of lines. Most probably was added somewhat later.;

Formula 1: 1 (5), 2 (8), 3 (8), 4 (8), 5 (8), 6 (8), 7 (8), 8 (8), 9 (8), 10 (8), 11 (8), 12 (8), 13 (8), 14 (),

Formula 2: 1 (5), 2 (8), 3 (8), 4 (8), 5 (8), 6 (8), 7 (8), 8 (8), 9 (8), 10 (8), 11 (8), 12 (8), 13 (8), 14 (),

State of preservation

good

Condition

The Ms. has been probably resewn. Holes amended on check the viewer103 , 105.

Binding

Two wooden boards. Two pairs of sewing stations.

Binding decoration

Small holes are visible on the spine fold of the quires, two close to the head and two close to the tail of the Ms.

Binding material

wood

Original binding

No

Layout

Layout note 1

Number of columns: 2

Number of lines: 20

H 132mm
W 142mm
Intercolumn 12mm
Margins
top 29
bottom 50
right 26
left 12
intercolumn 12
All data for check the viewer7r

Ms Bǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Dabra Dāmmo ʾAbuna ʾAragāwi, DD-047 main part

looks ok for measures computed width is: 180mm, object width is: 185mm, computed height is: 211mm and object height is: 217mm.
Ruling
  • (Subtype: pattern) Ruling pattern: 1A-1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/C.
  • The upper line is written above the ruling.
  • The bottom line is written above the ruling.
  • The bottom ruled line was not used by the scribe on (Excerpt from check the viewer19ra)
    .
Pricking
  • Pricking and ruling are visible.
  • Primary pricks are visible.
  • Ruling pricks are visible.
  • Structural pricks are visible.

Palaeography

  • Hand 1

    Script: Ethiopic

    Fine and regular.

    Ink: Black, red (vivid red)

    Rubrication: Nomina sacra; names of the donors; a few lines on the incipit page of Texts I, IV, VI, VII, alternating with black lines; incipit of Texts II, III, V, VI-1, VI-2; abbreviations; elements of the punctuation signs; elements of Ethiopic numerals.

    Date: 18th century (?)

    18th century (?)

    Abbreviations

  • ሰላ(- - -) for ሰላም (e.g., check the viewer1va , 2vb, 3ra)
  • ቂር / ቂርቆ(- - -) for ቂርቆስ (e.g., check the viewer1va , 2rb, 3rb)
  • Publication Statement

    authority
    Hiob-Ludolf-Zentrum für Äthiopistik
    pubPlace
    Hamburg
    publisher
    Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft
    availability

    This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.

    date
    2016-06-07T17:38:23.591+02:00
    date
    type=expanded
    22.2.2024 at 01:11:16
    date
    type=lastModified
    21.2.2024
    idno
    type=collection
    manuscripts
    idno
    type=url
    https://betamasaheft.eu/manuscripts/ESdd047/main
    idno
    type=URI
    https://betamasaheft.eu/ESdd047
    idno
    type=filename
    ESdd047.xml
    idno
    type=ID
    ESdd047

    Encoding Description

    Encoded according to TEI P5 Guidelines.

    Encoded according to the Beta maṣāḥǝft Guidelines. These Guidelines detail the TEI format ruled by the Beta maṣāḥǝft Schema. The present TEI file is enriched with an Xquery transformation taking advantage of the exist-db database instance where the data is stored and of the many external resources to which this data points to.

    Definitions of prefixes used.

    Select one of the keywords listed from the record to see related data

    No keyword selected.
    This page contains RDFa. RDF+XML graph of this resource. Alternate representations available via VoID.
    Hypothes.is public annotations pointing here

    Use the tag BetMas:ESdd047 in your public hypothes.is annotations which refer to this entity.

    Suggested Citation of this record

    To cite a precise version, please, click on load permalinks and to the desired version (see documentation on permalinks), then import the metadata or copy the below, with the correct link.

    Abreham Adugna, Denis Nosnitsin, Alessandro Bausi, Massimo Villa, Pietro Maria Liuzzo, Eugenia Sokolinski, ʻBǝḥerāwi Kǝllǝlāwi Mangǝśti Tǝgrāy, Dabra Dāmmo ʾAbuna ʾAragāwi, DD-047ʼ, in Alessandro Bausi, ed., Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft (Last Modified: 21.2.2024) https://betamasaheft.eu/manuscripts/ESdd047 [Accessed: 2024-04-25+02:00]

    Revisions of the data

    • Eugenia Sokolinski partially adjusted on 21.2.2024
    • Pietro Maria Liuzzo transformed from mycore to TEI P5 on 10.5.2016
    • Massimo Villa last edited in Ethio-SPaRe on 16.4.2015
    • Abreham Adugna catalogued in Ethio-SPaRe on 26.8.2014
    • Ethio-SPaRe team photographed the manuscript on 30.5.2014

    Attributions of the contents

    Alessandro Bausi, general editor

    Abreham Adugna, editor

    Denis Nosnitsin, editor

    Massimo Villa, contributor

    Pietro Maria Liuzzo, contributor

    Eugenia Sokolinski, contributor

    This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.