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ʾƎndartā, Dǝrbā Dabra ʾAbuna Yāsāy, DAY-005

Vitagrazia Pisani (cataloguer), Denis Nosnitsin

This manuscript description is based on the catalogues listed in the catalogue bibliography

Work in Progress
https://betamasaheft.eu/ESday005
Dǝrbā Dabra ʾAbuna Yāsāy[view repository]

Collection: Ethio-SPaRe

Places IndexPersons IndexGeneralDescriptionPhysical DescriptionCatalogueAuthors

General description

Dāwit “Psalter”

Number of Text units: 2

Number of Codicological units: 1

For a table of all relations from and to this record, please go to the Relations view. In the Relations boxes on the right of this page, you can also find all available relations grouped by name.

Origin

Original Location: Dǝrba Dabra ʾAbuna Yasay /DAY↗

18th cent. (?)

Summary

I) Dāwit “Psalter” (fols. 3r-174ra) I-1) Mazmura Dāwit “Psalms of David” (fols. 3r-139v) I-2) Maḥālǝya nabiyāt “The Canticles of the Prophets” (fols. 140r-153r) I-3) Maḥālǝya maḥālǝy “Song of Songs” (fols. 153r-160r) I-4) Wǝddāse Māryām “The Praise of Mary” (fols. 160va-170ra) I-5) ʾAnqaṣa bǝrhān “The Gate of Light” (fols. 170ra-174ra). Additiones 1-2.
  1. ms_i1 (),
  2. ms_i2 (),

Contents

Incipit ( ):

Explicit ( ):

- The titles of Pss., written in red ink, have been revised and corrections have been written in a smaller script, in black ink: a part was added to many of them: e.g., check the viewer5v , 6v, 8r, 11r, 34r; some were crossed out and a new title was introduced: check the viewer10v , 19r, 29r. - Pcheck the viewer109 is wrongly numbered as 110. - Canticle 8 is wrongly numbered as 9. - The traditional interpretation of the Hebrew letters in Pcheck the viewer118 (s. fols. 114v-123v) have been added later, possibly in the main hand.

Additions In this unit there are in total 1 .

  1. check the viewerff. 174ra

    -vb: Excerpts from Malkǝʾa Māryām “Image of Mary”.

    check the viewer174ra : ሰላም፡ ለዝክረ፡ ስምኪ፡ በመጽሐፈ፡ ሕይወት፡ ልኩዕ፤… Cp. ChRep no 175, p. 202. Abbreviation used: ሰላ፡ for ሰላም፡

  2. check the viewerf. 174vb

    (below Additio 1): Ownership note (?).

    check the viewer174vb (below Additio 1): ዝመጽሐፍ፡ <…> ማርያም፡ በንዋዩ፡ ወመምህሩ፡ The note is incomplete and the first component of the name of the person has been erased, <…> Māryām.

Extras

  1. check the viewer111 check the viewer109v check the viewer12v check the viewer10r check the viewer160v check the viewer135r check the viewer10r check the viewer7v check the viewer83v check the viewer4r

    - The title of P, baʾǝnta Ḥǝzǝqyas, is written in red (with red lines above and below) in the upper margin of . - The word ṣalot, followed sometimes by the words la-zä ʾabbäsä, is written in black ink (in a different hand?) in the margin at the left side of the titles and numbers of some Pss., as prayer for the one who was a sinner: e.g., , 19r, 32r, 37r, 107v, 123r. - Notes are written in black ink at the side of the titles of some Pss. (in a smaller script; in a different hand?), as a continuation or a part of them: e.g., , 11r, 19r, 37r, 58r, 74r, 78r, 112r. - Some notes (of unidentified content) written (in black ink; in a different hand?) are distributed in the upper margin of , 161r and 162v. Compressed script is used on . - Part of the line is taken up: e.g., ,13r, 21r, 30v, 40r, 51v, 57v, 59v, 62v, 71v, 108v, 112r, 124r, 142r. - Part of the line is taken down: 9v, 40v, 48r, 112v. - Omitted words or passages written interlineally: e.g., , 13r, 21r, 25r, 29r, 68r, 105v, 156v, 158r, 161v. - Corrections written over erasures: e.g., , 85r, 135r, 143v, 147v. - Crude notes or doodles in recent hands, in pen and pencil, in the margins and inside the text throughout the Ms.: e.g., , 5v, 6r, 10v, 82r, 96r, 126v, 141r, 167v, 174r, 174v.

  2. (Type: findingAid)

    - Daily readings are indicated by the names of the days of the week written in the main hand and in a secondary hand in the upper margin: ዘረቡዕ: check the viewerfol. 58r ዘሐሙስ: check the viewerfol. 80v ዘዓርብ: check the viewerfol. 110r ዘቀዳሚት, ዘቀዳ[sic]: check the viewerfol. 126v ዘእኁድ:[sic]: check the viewerfol. 140r (to the left) ዘሰኑይ: check the viewerfol. 140r (to the right) ዘሠሉስ: check the viewerfol. 141r ዘረቡዕ: check the viewerfol. 144v ዘሐሙስ: check the viewerfol. 147r ዘዓርብ: check the viewerfol. 150r ዘቀዳሚት check the viewerfol. 151r .

Decoration In this unit there are in total 1 .

Frame notes

  1. frame: - Pss. 1-50 are separated from the remaining Pss. by a line of alternating black and red dots.

Catalogue Bibliography

This manuscript has modern restorations.

Physical Description

Form of support

Parchment Codex

Extent

Made of 176.0 (leaf) , Entered as 176.0 folios, of which (leaf, blank) .Entered as blank 1rv, 2rv, 175rv, 176rv, in 22.0 (quire) .Entered as 22.0 quires (A+20+B). 175 165 75
Outer dimensions
Height 175
Width 165
Depth 75

Foliation

Quire Structure Collation

Signatures: Decorated - Decorated quire marks are written in the upper left margin of the first fol. of quires II-IV (in quire IV also on the last fol.): ፪: 11r; ፫: 19r; ፬: 29r, 36v.

Position Number Leaves Quires Description
1 8 Fols 1r–2v, Fols 3r–10v A(2/fols. 1r-2v) - I፩(8/fols. 3r-10v)
2 10 Fols 11v–18v, Fols. 10, Fols 19r–28v ፪II(8/fols. 11v-18v) - ፫III(10/fols. 19r-28v)
3 8 Fols 29r–36v ፬IV፬(8/fols. 29r-36v)
4 10 Fols. 10, Fols 37r–46v V(10/fols. 37r-46v)
5 8 Fols 47r–54v VI(8/fols. 47r-54v)
6 8 Fols 55r–62v VII(8/fols. 55r-62v)
7 8 Fols 63r–70v VIII(8/fols. 63r-70v)
8 10 Fols. 10, Fols 71r–80v IX(10/fols. 71r-80v)
9 8 Fols 81r–88v X(8/fols. 81r-88v)
10 10 Fols. 10, Fols 89r–98v XI(10/fols. 89r-98v)
11 10 Fols. 10, Fols 99r–108v, Fols. 10, Fols 109r–118v XII(10; s.l.: 3, stub after 7; 8, stub after 2/fols. 99r-108v) - XIII(10/fols. 109r-118v)
12 10 Fols. 10, Fols 119r–128v, Fols. 10, Fols 129r–138v XIV(10/fols. 119r-128v) - XV(10/fols. 129r-138v)
13 10 Fols. 10, Fols 139r–148v XVI(10/fols. 139r-148v)
14 8 Fols 149r–156v XVII(8; s.l.: 3, stub after 6; 5, stub after 3/fols. 149r-156v)
15 10 Fols. 10, Fols 157r–166v XVIII(10/fols. 157r-166v)
16 6 Fols 167r–172v XIX(6/fols. 167r-172v)
17 2 Fols 173r–174v XX(2; stub 1 after 1, stub 2, before 2/fols. 173r-174v)
18 2 Fols 175r–176v B(2/fols. 175r-176v). Quires A and B have been added later.

Collation diagrams


A(2/fols. 1r-2v) - I፩(8/fols. 3r-10v)
Quire ID:q1
Collation diagram Quire 1 1 8 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

፪II(8/fols. 11v-18v) - ፫III(10/fols. 19r-28v)
Quire ID:q2
Collation diagram Quire 2 9 18 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

፬IV፬(8/fols. 29r-36v)
Quire ID:q3
Collation diagram Quire 3 19 26 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

V(10/fols. 37r-46v)
Quire ID:q4
Collation diagram Quire 4 27 36 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

VI(8/fols. 47r-54v)
Quire ID:q5
Collation diagram Quire 5 37 44 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

VII(8/fols. 55r-62v)
Quire ID:q6
Collation diagram Quire 6 45 52 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

VIII(8/fols. 63r-70v)
Quire ID:q7
Collation diagram Quire 7 53 60 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

IX(10/fols. 71r-80v)
Quire ID:q8
Collation diagram Quire 8 61 70 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

X(8/fols. 81r-88v)
Quire ID:q9
Collation diagram Quire 9 71 78 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4

XI(10/fols. 89r-98v)
Quire ID:q10
Collation diagram Quire 10 79 88 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

XII(10; s.l.: 3, stub after 7; 8, stub after 2/fols. 99r-108v) - XIII(10/fols. 109r-118v)
Quire ID:q11
Collation diagram Quire 11 89 98 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5 Unit #6

XIV(10/fols. 119r-128v) - XV(10/fols. 129r-138v)
Quire ID:q12
Collation diagram Quire 12 99 108 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

XVI(10/fols. 139r-148v)
Quire ID:q13
Collation diagram Quire 13 109 118 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

XVII(8; s.l.: 3, stub after 6; 5, stub after 3/fols. 149r-156v)
Quire ID:q14
Collation diagram Quire 14 119 126 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

XVIII(10/fols. 157r-166v)
Quire ID:q15
Collation diagram Quire 15 127 136 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3 Unit #4 Unit #5

XIX(6/fols. 167r-172v)
Quire ID:q16
Collation diagram Quire 16 137 142 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #3

XX(2; stub 1 after 1, stub 2, before 2/fols. 173r-174v)
Quire ID:q17
Collation diagram Quire 17 143 144 Unit #1

B(2/fols. 175r-176v). Quires A and B have been added later.
Quire ID:q18
Collation diagram Quire 18 145 146 Unit #1

Ethio-SPaRe formula : I(8/Fols 1r–2v, Fols 3r–10v) – II(10/Fols 11v–18v, Fols. 10, Fols 19r–28v) – III(8/Fols 29r–36v) – IV(10/Fols. 10, Fols 37r–46v) – V(8/Fols 47r–54v) – VI(8/Fols 55r–62v) – VII(8/Fols 63r–70v) – VIII(10/Fols. 10, Fols 71r–80v) – IX(8/Fols 81r–88v) – X(10/Fols. 10, Fols 89r–98v) – XI(8+2/s.l. 3, stub after 7/Fols. 10, Fols 99r–108v, Fols. 10, Fols 109r–118v) – XII(10/Fols. 10, Fols 119r–128v, Fols. 10, Fols 129r–138v) – XIII(10/Fols. 10, Fols 139r–148v) – XIV(6+2/s.l. 3, stub after 6/Fols 149r–156v) – XV(10/Fols. 10, Fols 157r–166v) – XVI(6/Fols 167r–172v) – XVII(0+2/s.l. 1, stub 2/Fols 173r–174v) – XVIII(2/Fols 175r–176v) –

Formula: Fols 1r–2v, Fols 3r–10v A(2/fols. 1r-2v) - I፩(8/fols. 3r-10v) ; Fols 11v–18v, Fols. 10, Fols 19r–28v ፪II(8/fols. 11v-18v) - ፫III(10/fols. 19r-28v) ; Fols 29r–36v ፬IV፬(8/fols. 29r-36v) ; Fols. 10, Fols 37r–46v V(10/fols. 37r-46v) ; Fols 47r–54v VI(8/fols. 47r-54v) ; Fols 55r–62v VII(8/fols. 55r-62v) ; Fols 63r–70v VIII(8/fols. 63r-70v) ; Fols. 10, Fols 71r–80v IX(10/fols. 71r-80v) ; Fols 81r–88v X(8/fols. 81r-88v) ; Fols. 10, Fols 89r–98v XI(10/fols. 89r-98v) ; Fols. 10, Fols 99r–108v, Fols. 10, Fols 109r–118v XII(10; s.l.: 3, stub after 7; 8, stub after 2/fols. 99r-108v) - XIII(10/fols. 109r-118v) ; Fols. 10, Fols 119r–128v, Fols. 10, Fols 129r–138v XIV(10/fols. 119r-128v) - XV(10/fols. 129r-138v) ; Fols. 10, Fols 139r–148v XVI(10/fols. 139r-148v) ; Fols 149r–156v XVII(8; s.l.: 3, stub after 6; 5, stub after 3/fols. 149r-156v) ; Fols. 10, Fols 157r–166v XVIII(10/fols. 157r-166v) ; Fols 167r–172v XIX(6/fols. 167r-172v) ; Fols 173r–174v XX(2; stub 1 after 1, stub 2, before 2/fols. 173r-174v) ; Fols 175r–176v B(2/fols. 175r-176v). Quires A and B have been added later.;

Formula 1: 1 (8), 2 (10), 3 (8), 4 (10), 5 (8), 6 (8), 7 (8), 8 (10), 9 (8), 10 (10), 11 (10), 12 (10), 13 (10), 14 (8), 15 (10), 16 (6), 17 (2), 18 (2),

Formula 2: 1 (8), 2 (10), 3 (8), 4 (10), 5 (8), 6 (8), 7 (8), 8 (10), 9 (8), 10 (10), 11 (10), 12 (10), 13 (10), 14 (8), 15 (10), 16 (6), 17 (2), 18 (2),

State of preservation

good

Condition

The Ms. has been rebound with a recent synthetic thread. At that time, most probably quires A and B have been added. The leather cover is missing; its traces are visible on the inner sides of the boards. Many leaves are stained with water (esp. check the viewer3r-6r , 43r-47r) and wax (throughout the Ms.). Several leaves are damaged at the edges, especially the upper ones (e.g., fols. 3-6, 157-174).

Binding

Two wooden boards. Two pairs of sewing stations.

Binding decoration

Binding material

wood

Original binding

No

Layout

Layout note 1

Number of columns: 1

Number of lines: 19

H 120mm
W 114mm
Intercolumn mm
Margins
top 18
bottom 44
right 33
left 14
intercolumn
Texts I-1, I-2, I-3: all data for check the viewer4r .

Ms ʾƎndartā, Dǝrbā Dabra ʾAbuna Yāsāy, DAY-005 main part

has a sum of layout height of 182mm which is greater than the object height of 175mm

Layout note 1

Number of columns: 2

Number of lines: 19

H 115mm
W 126mm
Intercolumn 8mm
Margins
top 22
bottom 38
right 24
left 8
intercolumn 8
Texts I-4, I-5: all data for check the viewer161r .

Ms ʾƎndartā, Dǝrbā Dabra ʾAbuna Yāsāy, DAY-005 main part

looks ok for measures computed width is: 158mm, object width is: 165mm, computed height is: 175mm and object height is: 175mm.

Layout note 1

Ruling
  • (Subtype: pattern) Ruling pattern: 1A-1A/0-0/0-0/C.
  • The upper line is written above the ruling.
  • The bottom line is written above the ruling.
  • (Subtype: pattern) Ruling pattern: 1A-1A-1A1A/0-0/0-0/C.
  • The upper line is written above the ruling.
  • The bottom line is written above the ruling.
Pricking
  • Pricking and ruling are visible.
  • Primary pricks are visible.
  • Ruling pricks are visible.
  • Pricking and ruling are visible.
  • Primary pricks are visible.
  • Ruling pricks are visible.
  • Structural pricks are partly visible.

punctuation:

  • The punctuation sign of the x-cross with dashes is frequently used, especially in the rubricated parts (titles and numbers of the Pss., Canticles, at the end of the initial line of each Song).

Palaeography

  • Hand 1

    Script: Ethiopic

    Fine

    Ink: Black, red (brilliant vermillion)

    Rubrication: Name of St Mary in Texts I-4, I-5; a group of two adjacent lines on the incipit page of Text I-1; two groups of adjacent lines (alternating with black lines) on the incipit page of Text I-4; title of Texts I-2, I-3, I-5; titles and numbers of the Pss. and Canticles; initial lines and numbers of Songs; title and incipit of the daily readings of Text I-4; refrains of Texts I-4 and I-5 (written out fully or abbreviated); name and traditional interpretation of the Hebrew letters in Ps. 118; doxology on fol. 160r (Text I-3); elements of punctuation signs and text dividers; Ethiopic numerals or their elements.

    Date: 18th century (?)

    18th century (?)

    Abbreviations

  • Text I-1
  • እግዝ፡ [with a ligature](- - -) for እግዚአብሔር፡ (e.g., check the viewer119v l.12, 120r l.8)
  • ለ፳ኤል፡(- - -) for ለእስራኤል፡ (check the viewer119v l.12)
  • Text I-4
  • ሰ፤ ለ፤ ቅ for ሰአሊ፡ ለነ፡ ቅድስት
  • Words or their abbreviations stand for the whole refrain.
  • ሠ፡,ሠረ፡(- - -) for ሠረቀ፡ በሥጋ፡ እምድንግል፡ ዘእንበለ፡ ዘርአ፡ ብእሲ፡ ወአድኅነነ (check the viewer160va-161rb )
  • እስ፡(- - -) for እስመ፡ በፈቃዱ፡ ወበሥምረቱ፡ አቡሁ፡ ወመንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፡ መጽአ፡ ወአድኅነነ (check the viewer161va-163ra )
  • ኵሉ፡ for ኵሉ፡ ትውልድ፡ ያስተበፅዑኪ፡ ለኪ፡ ለበሕቲትኪ፡ ኦእግዝእትነ፡ ወላዲተ፡ አምላክ
  • ነዓ፡(- - -) for ነዓብየኪ፡ ኵልነ፡ ኦእግዝእትነ፡ ወላዲተ፡ አምላክ። እስመ፡ ሣህልኪ፡ ይኵን፡ ላዕለ፡ ኵልነ (check the viewer164vb-166va )
  • ለኪ፡ for ለኪ፡ ለበሕቲትኪ፡ ኦእግዝእትነ፡ ማርያም፡ ወላዲተ፡ አምላክ፡ እመ፡ ብርሃን፡ ናዓብየኪ፡ በስብሐት፡ ወበውዳሴ
  • ተ፡, ተፈ፡(- - -) for ተፈሥሒ፡ ኦምልዕልተ፡ ጸጋ፡ ተፈሥሒ፡ እስመ፡ ረከብኪ፡ ሞገስ፡ ተፈሥሒ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ምስሌኪ (check the viewer168ra- vb)
  • ወ፡ for ወበእንተዝ፡ ናዓብየኪ፡ ኵልነ፡ ኦእግዝእትነ፡ ወላዲተ፡ አምላክ፡ ንጽሕት፡ ኵሎ፡ ጊዜ፡ ንስእል፡ ወናንቀዓዱ፡ ከመ፡ ንርከብ፡ ሣህለ፡ በኀበ፡ መፍቀሬ፡ ሰብእ
  • Text I-5
  • ሰ፤ ለ፤ ቅ for ሰአሊ፡ ለነ፡ ቅድስት
  • ወ፤ ሣ፤ ይ(ክ)፤(- - -) for ወልድኪ፡ ሣህሎ፡ ይክፍለነ፡ (check the viewer170rb-173rb )
  • ወ፡ for ወበእንተዝ፡ ናዓብየኪ፡ ኵልነ፡ ኦእግዝእትነ፡ ወላዲተ፡ አምላክ፡ ንጽሕት፡ ኵሎ፡ ጊዜ፡ ንስእል፡ ወናንቀዓዱ፡ ከመ፡ ንርከብ፡ ሣህለ፡ በኀበ፡ መፍቀሬ፡ ሰብእ

  • Hand 2

    Script: Ethiopic

    The script is regular and uniform, with short and slightly right-sloping letters.

  • Hand 3

    Script: Ethiopic

    The script shows some archaic features:

  • Hand 4

    Script: Ethiopic

    - the 6th order marker of ጰ is set up on a vertical stroke and oriented to the left (s. check the viewer68v )

  • Hand 5

    Script: Ethiopic

    - ፩ is sometimes triangular and upwards-oriented (s., e.g., check the viewer126v )

  • Hand 6

    Script: Ethiopic

    - numeral ፮ looks like “compressed” numeral ፯

  • Hand 7

    Script: Ethiopic

    - the word እግዚአብሔር፡ (or እግዚእ፡), especially in the abbreviated form, is written with a ligature (e.g., check the viewer119v l.12, 115r l.1, 120r l.8)

  • Hand 8

    Script: Ethiopic

    - the word እስራኤል፡ is sometimes written in the abbreviated form ፳ኤል፡ (s. check the viewer119v l.12).

  • Hand 9

    Script: Ethiopic

    Other features:

  • Hand 10

    Script: Ethiopic

    - the numeral ፪ is sometimes written with an open loop at the bottom (s., e.g, check the viewer127v )

  • Hand 11

    Script: Ethiopic

    - the 4th order marker of some letters (e.g., ቀ ተ ኀ የ) is diagonal and going down below the ruling

  • Hand 12

    Script: Ethiopic

    - the letter ኰ has an open loop marking the 5th order(s., e.g., check the viewer90v l.9)

  • Hand 13

    Script: Ethiopic

    - x-cross with dashes is used several times.

    • Publication Statement

    authority
    Hiob-Ludolf-Zentrum für Äthiopistik
    pubPlace
    Hamburg
    publisher
    Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft
    availability

    This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.

    date
    2016-06-07T17:37:58.069+02:00
    date
    type=expanded
    2022-01-05T13:36:28.446+01:00
    date
    type=lastModified
    10.5.2016
    idno
    type=collection
    manuscripts
    idno
    type=url
    https://betamasaheft.eu/manuscripts/ESday005
    idno
    type=URI
    https://betamasaheft.eu/ESday005
    idno
    type=filename
    ESday005.xml
    idno
    type=ID
    ESday005

    Encoding Description

    Encoded according to TEI P5 Guidelines.

    Encoded according to the Beta maṣāḥǝft Guidelines. These Guidelines detail the TEI format ruled by the Beta maṣāḥǝft Schema. The present TEI file is enriched with an Xquery transformation taking advantage of the exist-db database instance where the data is stored and of the many external resources to which this data points to.

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    Suggested Citation of this record

    To cite a precise version, please, click on load permalinks and to the desired version (see documentation on permalinks), then import the metadata or copy the below, with the correct link.

    Vitagrazia Pisani, Denis Nosnitsin, Alessandro Bausi, Ekaterina Gusarova, Pietro Maria Liuzzo, ʻʾƎndartā, Dǝrbā Dabra ʾAbuna Yāsāy, DAY-005ʼ, in Alessandro Bausi, ed., Die Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens und Eritreas: Eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung / Beta maṣāḥǝft (Last Modified: 10.5.2016) https://betamasaheft.eu/manuscripts/ESday005 [Accessed: 2024-04-25+02:00]

    Revisions of the data

    • Pietro Maria Liuzzo Pietro Maria Liuzzo: transformed from mycore to TEI P5 on 10.5.2016
    • Ekaterina Gusarova Ekaterina Gusarova: last edited in Ethio-SPaRe on 4.8.2014
    • Vitagrazia Pisani Vitagrazia Pisani: catalogued in Ethio-SPaRe on 28.5.2013
    • Denis Nosnitsin: Ethio-SPaRe team photographed the manuscript on 16.12.2010

    Attributions of the contents

    Ekaterina Gusarova, contributor

    Pietro Maria Liuzzo, contributor

    This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.